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      Mecanismos bioquímicos da defesa do algodoeiro à mancha de ramulária mediados pelo silício Translated title: Biochemical aspects of cotton resistance to ramularia leaf spot mediated by silicon

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          Abstract

          Esse estudo investigou o efeito do silício (Si) na resistência do algodoeiro à mancha de ramulária (Ramularia areola). Plantas de algodoeiro (cvs. NuOpal e BRS Buriti) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva nas concentrações de 0 (-Si) e 2 mM Si L-1 (+Si) e aos 30 dias após emergência foram submetidas à inoculação com uma suspensão de conídios de R. areola. Avaliou-se o período de incubação (PI), o período latente (PL60), a severidade, o número de lesões (NL) por cm² de folha, o tamanho de lesão (TL), a concentração foliar de Si e as atividades das enzimas de defesa peroxidases (POX), polifenoloxidases (PFO), quitinases (QUI), β-1,3-glucanases (GLU) e fenilalanina amônia-liases (FAL). Os dados de severidade foram usados para calcular a área abaixo da curva do progresso da mancha de ramulária (AACPMR). A concentração foliar de Si aumentou em 64% nas plantas supridas com Si em relação às não supridas com esse elemento. Houve aumentos de 10% e 14,7%, respectivamente, para o PI e o PL60 nas plantas supridas com Si. Reduções de 38,6% e 62,4% para o NL e de 17,2% e 26,6% para o TL ocorrem, respectivamente, nas plantas das cvs. NuOpal e BRS Buriti supridas com Si. Houve redução de 35% na AACPMR para as plantas supridas com Si em relação às não supridas. A concentração de compostos fenólicos solúveis totais nas plantas das duas cultivares supridas com Si foi maior aos 21 dias após inoculação (dai) em relação às não supridas com esse elemento. A concentração dos derivados da lignina foi maior dos 15 aos 21 dai apenas para as plantas da cv. BRS Buriti supridas com Si. A atividade da POX foi maior nas plantas das duas cultivares supridas com Si em relação às não supridas com esse elemento dos 15 aos 21 dai. Paras as plantas da cv. NuOpal supridas com Si, as atividades da PFO, QUI, GLU e FAL aumentaram aos 18 dai. As atividades da PFO e da FAL nas plantas da cv. BRS Buriti não foram potencializadas pelo Si. Nas plantas da cv. BRS Buriti supridas com Si, houve aumento nas atividades da QUI e da GLU aos 21 dai em relação às não supridas com Si. Conclui-se que a resistência do algodoeiro à mancha de ramulária foi bioquimicamente potencializada pelo Si, principalmente para as plantas da cv. NuOpal consideradas suscetíveis à mancha de ramulária.

          Translated abstract

          This study investigated the effect of silicon (Si) on cotton resistance to ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia areola). Plants of cotton (cvs. NuOpal and BRS Buriti) were grown in nutrient solution containing 0 (+Si) or 2 mM Si L-1 (-Si) and inoculated with a conidial suspension of R. areola at 30 days after emergence. The incubation period (IP), latent period (LP60), severity, number of lesions (NL) per cm² of leaf area, lesion size (LS), foliar Si concentration and the activities of defense enzymes peroxidases (POX), polyphenoloxidases (PPO), chitinases (CHI), β-1,3-glucanases (GLU), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PAL) were evaluated. Data from severity were used to calculate the area under ramularia leaf spot progress curve (AURLSPC). Leaf Si concentration increased by 64% on plants supplied with Si compared to plants not supplied with this element. There were increases of 10 and 14.7% for IP and LP60, respectively, on plants supplied with Si. Reductions of 38.6 and 62.4% for NL and 17.2 and 26.6% for LS occurred, respectively, for plants from NuOpal and BRS Buriti cvs supplied with Si. AURLSPC was reduced by 35% for the +Si treatment compared to the -Si treatment. The concentration of total soluble phenolic compounds on plants of both cv. supplied with Si increased during the progress of ramularia, but the lowest values occurred for the -Si treatment until 18 days after inoculation (dai). The increase on the concentration of lignin derivatives was significant only for plants of cv. BRS Buriti infected by R. areola and supplied with Si. POX activity was higher on plants from the two cultivars supplied with Si compared to plants not supplied with this element. For plants of cv. NuOpal supplied with Si, PPO, CHI, GLU, and PAL activities increased until 18 dai, but the activities of PAL and PPO on plants of cv. BRS Buriti were not potentiated by Si. On plants from cv. BRS Buriti supplied with Si, there was increase on CHI and GLU activities at 21 dai compared to plants not supplied with Si. It can be concluded that cotton resistance to ramularia leaf spot was biochemically enhanced by Si, especially for plants of cv. NuOpal considered susceptible to ramularia leaf spot.

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          Most cited references39

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          A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding

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            The water-culture method of growing plants without soil

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              Catalase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenoloxidase Activities during Rice Leaf Senescence.

              The activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase were studied in attached and detached rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Ratna) leaves. Catalase activity decreased while peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities increased during senescence of both attached and detached rice leaves. Kinetic (5 mum) and benzimidazole (1 mm), which are known to delay the senescence of detached rice leaves, retarded the decrease of catalase activity during detached leaf senescence. On the other hand, these chemicals accelerated the increase of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities over the water control. Total phenolics accumulated in detached and darkened rice leaves, but in attached leaf senescence in light no accumulation of phenolics was observed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                brag
                Bragantia
                Bragantia
                Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                0006-8705
                1678-4499
                March 2013
                : 72
                : 1
                : 41-51
                Affiliations
                [02] Viçosa MG orgnameUFV orgdiv1Departamento de Fitopatologia Brasil
                [01] Viçosa MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) orgdiv1Departamento de Fitotecnia Brasil
                Article
                S0006-87052013000100007 S0006-8705(13)07200100007
                a6fe6948-f81b-4a03-beb7-b382fdeb0fba

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2013
                : 13 December 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Fitossanidade

                nutrição mineral,defense enzymes,mechanisms of defense,mineral nutrition,enzimas de defesa,mecanismos de defesa

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