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      Social manipulation of sperm competition intensity reduces seminal fluid gene expression

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      Journal: Biology Letters
      Publisher: The Royal Society

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d1186911e144">A considerable body of evidence supports the prediction that males should increase their expenditure on the ejaculate in response to sperm competition risk. The prediction that they should reduce their expenditure with increasing sperm competition intensity is less well supported. Moreover, most studies have documented plasticity in sperm numbers. Here we show that male crickets <i>Teleogryllus oceanicus</i> exhibit reduced seminal fluid gene expression and accessory gland mass in response to elevated sperm competition intensity. Together with previous research, our findings suggest that strategic adjustments in seminal fluid composition contribute to competitive fertilization success in this species. </p>

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          Complexity of seminal fluid: a review

          Aldo Poiani (2006)
          Article 0 comments Cited 159 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Sperm competition and ejaculate economics.

            Tommaso Pizzari, Geoffrey G Parker (2010)
            Sperm competition was identified in 1970 as a pervasive selective force in post-copulatory sexual selection that occurs when the ejaculates of different males compete to fertilise a given set of ova. Since then, sperm competition has been much studied both empirically and theoretically. Because sperm competition often favours large ejaculates, an important challenge has been to understand the evolution of strategies through which males invest in sperm production and economise sperm allocation to maximise reproductive success under competitive conditions. Sperm competition mechanisms vary greatly, depending on many factors including the level of sperm competition, space constraints in the sperm competition arena, male mating roles, and female influences on sperm utilisation. Consequently, theoretical models of ejaculate economics are complex and varied, often with apparently conflicting predictions. The goal of this review is to synthesise the theoretical basis of ejaculate economics under sperm competition, aiming to provide empiricists with categorised model assumptions and predictions. We show that apparent contradictions between older and newer models can often be reconciled and there is considerable consensus in the predictions generated by different models. We also discuss qualitative empirical support for some of these predictions, and detail quantitative matches between predictions and observations that exist in the yellow dung fly. We argue that ejaculate economic theory represents a powerful heuristic to explain the diversity in ejaculate traits at multiple levels: across species, across males and within individual males. Future progress requires greater understanding of sperm competition mechanisms, quantification of trade-offs between ejaculate allocation and numbers of matings gained, further knowledge of mechanisms of female sperm selection and their associated costs, further investigation of non-sperm ejaculate effects, and theoretical integration of pre- and post-copulatory episodes of sexual selection. © 2010 The Authors. Biological Reviews © 2010 Cambridge Philosophical Society.
            Article 0 comments Cited 139 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Seminal fluid protein allocation and male reproductive success.

              Stuart Wigby, Laura K. Sirot, Jon R Linklater … (2009)
              Postcopulatory sexual selection can select for sperm allocation strategies in males [1, 2], but males should also strategically allocate nonsperm components of the ejaculate [3, 4], such as seminal fluid proteins (Sfps). Sfps can influence the extent of postcopulatory sexual selection [5-7], but little is known of the causes or consequences of quantitative variation in Sfp production and transfer. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we demonstrate that Sfps are strategically allocated to females in response to the potential level of sperm competition. We also show that males who can produce and transfer larger quantities of specific Sfps have a significant competitive advantage. When males were exposed to a competitor male, matings were longer and more of two key Sfps, sex peptide [8] and ovulin [9], were transferred, indicating strategic allocation of Sfps. Males selected for large accessory glands (a major site of Sfp synthesis) produced and transferred significantly more sex peptide, but not more ovulin. Males with large accessory glands also had significantly increased competitive reproductive success. Our results show that quantitative variation in specific Sfps is likely to play an important role in postcopulatory sexual selection and that investment in Sfp production is essential for male fitness in a competitive environment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Biology Letters
                Abbreviated Title: Biol. Lett.
                Publisher: The Royal Society
                ISSN (Print): 1744-9561
                ISSN (Electronic): 1744-957X
                Publication date Created: January 24 2018
                Publication date Created: January 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): January 24 2018
                Publication date (Print): January 2018
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Page: 20170659
                Article
                DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0659
                PMC ID: 5803594
                PubMed ID: 29367215
                SO-VID: a6b2bb01-7d56-47bc-9111-862fd8bba88b
                Copyright © © 2018
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                http://royalsocietypublishing.org/licence

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