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      Absceso de Brodie, una patología de difícil diagnóstico Translated title: Brodie’s abscess, a pathology difficult to diagnose

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Introducción: Las infecciones osteoarticulares agudas pediátricas constituyen patologías poco frecuentes, siendo de suma importancia realizar un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento adecuado para evitar las compli caciones agudas o a largo plazo. El absceso de Brodie (AB) es una forma de osteomielitis subaguda de baja incidencia y de difícil diagnóstico, por lo que es imprescindible la sospecha clínica. Objeti vo: Presentar un caso de AB y describir las características etiológicas y clínicas de esta patología. Caso Clínico: Paciente 14 años, evaluado por dolor de muslo derecho de un mes de evolución, afebril y sin antecedente de trauma. Al examen físico no presentaba aumento de volumen, el rango de movimiento (ROM) de cadera derecha era doloroso y la sensibilidad estaba aumentada a la palpación su perficial de banda iliotibial (BIT) derecha. Estudio radiológico sin alteraciones. Por persistir síntomas se solicitó ecografía de muslo que mostró irregularidad ósea cortical. Resonancia Magnética (RM) evidenció lesión en diáfisis de fémur derecho de probable origen tumoral o infeccioso. Parámetros inflamatorios sin alteraciones. Se realizó toma de biopsia y cultivos, aislando Staphylococcus aureus multisensible. Se procedió a aseo quirúrgico y terapia antibiótica endovenosa, evolucionando favo rablemente. Conclusiones: La presentación clínica y laboratorio en AB pueden ser inespecíficas. El clínico no especialista debe tener un alto índice de sospecha de esta patología como posible diagnós tico diferencial en pacientes que persisten con dolor y presentan una alteración radiológica, incluso ante la ausencia de otros síntomas y parámetros inflamatorios normales. Es importante realizar una biopsia ósea para el diagnóstico diferencial de patologías tumorales.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Introduction: Acute osteoarticular infections in children are rare pathologies, therefore early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to avoid acute and long-term complications. Brodie’s abscess (BA) is an un common type of subacute osteomyelitis, difficult to diagnose, so clinical suspicion is essential. Ob jective: To describe a case of Brodie’s abscess and its etiological and clinical features. Clinical Case: A 14-year-old patient was seen at our clinic, who reported a one-month pain in the right thigh, with no history of fever or trauma. Physical examination revealed no volume increase, painful right hip range of motion, and increased sensitivity on superficial palpation of the right iliotibial band. X-rays where normal. Because of the pain persistence, an ultrasound was requested which showed a cortical irregularity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and revealed a right femoral diaphysis, due to a possible bone tumor or an infectious process. Lab tests were normal. Biopsy and cultures were collected, identifying multi-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. He was managed with debridement and intravenous antibiotics, responding positively. Conclusions: The BA’s clinical features and lab tests are unspecific, therefore the non-specialist physician should strongly suspect this pathology as a possible differential diagnosis in patients who persist with pain and present imaging alterations, even when there are no other symptoms or normal inflammatory parameters. A bone biopsy is essential for the differential diagnosis of tumor pathologies.

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          Osteoarticular Infections in Children.

          For a child with a suspected bone or joint infection, knowledge of the workup and initial therapy is important to provide quality care. Fever and pain are hallmarks of a pediatric osteoarticular infection, although occasionally the signs and symptoms can be more subtle. The use of C-reactive protein to diagnose and validate effective management of treatment has become standard. Multiple reports confirm the success of much shorter intravenous (IV) courses than traditionally taught. The ideal IV and oral antibiotic duration, as well as defining the markers indicating need for surgical intervention, are questions yet to be answered.
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            Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Infants and Children: Imaging of a Changing Disease.

            In children, hematogenous osteomyelitis is an infection that primarily affects the most vascularized regions of the growing skeleton. The disease has increased in frequency, virulence, and degree of soft-tissue involvement. The change in clinical manifestations and management over the past 2 decades should be reflected in the current imaging approach to the disease. Imaging of infection must depict the location of a single focus or of multiple foci of involvement and the presence of drainable collections. This review provides an overview of the imaging implications directed by the changing epidemiology, the newer insights of anatomy and pathophysiology, the imaging characteristics with emphasis on specific locations and disease complications, and the differential diagnosis considerations. In addition, basic imaging guidelines for appropriate extent of area to image based on patient age are provided. (©) RSNA, 2017.
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              Brodie's Abscess: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases

              Introduction: Brodie's abscess is a form of osteomyelitis. Since its first appearance in the medical literature in 1832, numerous cases have been described. The aim of this article is to provide the first comprehensive overview of published cases of Brodie's abscess, and to describe diagnostic methods, therapeutic consequences and outcomes. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines a systematic review of the literature was performed. All published data in English or Dutch were considered for inclusion with no limitations on publication date. Data was extracted on demography, duration of symptoms, signs of inflammation, diagnostic imaging, causative agent, treatment and follow-up. Results: A total of 70 articles were included, reporting on a total of 407 patients, mostly young (median age 17) males (male:female ratio 2.1:1). The median duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 12 weeks (SD 26). Mostly consisting of pain (98%) and/or swelling (53%). 84% of all patients were afebrile, and less than 50% had elevated serum inflammation markers. Diagnosis was made with a combination of imaging modalities: plain X-ray in 96%, MRI (16%) and CT-scan (8%). Treatment consisted of surgery in 94% of the cases, in conjunction with long term antibiotics in 77%. Staphylococcus aureus was the pathogen most often found in the culture (67,3%). Outcome was generally reported as favorable. Recurrence was reported in 15,6% of the cases requiring further intervention. Two cases developed permanent disability. Conclusion: Brodie's abscess has an insidious onset as systemic inflammatory signs and symptoms were often not found. Treatment consisted mostly of surgery followed by antibiotics (77%) or only surgery (17%) and outcomes were generally reported as favourable.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista chilena de pediatría
                Rev. chil. pediatr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (Santiago, , Chile )
                0370-4106
                December 2020
                : 91
                : 6
                : 947-952
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Escuela de Medicina Chile
                [2] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Hospital Clínico orgdiv2Departamento de Traumatología y Ortopedia Chile
                Article
                S0370-41062020000600947 S0370-4106(20)09100600947
                10.32641/rchped.vi91i6.1752
                a62da8aa-b277-4c0d-9b38-dfdd306d424c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 August 2020
                : 10 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                CASOS CLINICOS

                Absceso,Brodie,Abscess,Infección,Infection,Osteomyelitis,Osteomielitis

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