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      Relationship between Dissociative Experiences and Schizotypal Personality Traits: Mediating Role of Inferential Confusion

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          Abstract

          Objective: Previous research has shown a relationship between schizotypal personality traits and dissociative tendencies. The Inference-Based Approach (IBA) can explain this relationship to some extent. Purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of inferential confusion in relation to dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits.

          Method: A total of 341 students from Shahed University participated in this cross-sectional study. Sampling was conducted randomly by the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software based on statistical methods including Pearson correlation, Baron and Kenny hierarchical regression and the Sobel test.

          Results: There were significant positive relationships between dissociative experiences, schizotypal personality traits, and inferential confusion (P < 0.01). Findings showed that inferential confusion mediates the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits (β = 0.29; P < 0.001).

          Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the present study, considering role of inferential confusion, succeeded in explaining the relationship between dissociative experiences and schizotypal personality traits to some extent.

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          Most cited references68

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          The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

          Reuben M. Baron, David A Kenny (1986)
          In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.
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            Using Mutivariate Statistics

            G. Tabachnick B., BG Tabachnick, BG TABACHNICK … (2007)
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              An updated and conservative systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence on psychotic experiences in children and adults: on the pathway from proneness to persistence to dimensional expression across mental disorders.

              R J Linscott, J van Os (2013)
              The psychosis-proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder incorporates notions of both phenomenological and temporal continuity (persistence) of psychotic experiences (PE), but not structural continuity. Specific testable propositions of phenomenological continuity and persistence are identified. Method Propositions are tested by systematic reviews of the epidemiology of PE, persistence of PE and disorder outcomes, and meta-analyses (including Monte Carlo permutation sampling, MCPS) of reported rates and odds ratios (ORs). Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of PE obtained from 61 cohorts revealed a median annual incidence of 2.5% and a prevalence of 7.2%. Meta-analysis of risk factors identified age, minority or migrant status, income, education, employment, marital status, alcohol use, cannabis use, stress, urbanicity and family history of mental illness as important predictors of PE. The mode of assessment accounted for significant variance in the observed rates. Across cohorts, the probability of persistence was very strongly related to the rate of PE at baseline. Of those who report PE, ∼20% go on to experience persistent PE whereas for ∼80%, PE remit over time. Of those with baseline PE, 7.4% develop a psychotic disorder outcome. Compelling support is found for the phenomenological and temporal continuity between PE and psychotic disorder and for the fundamental proposition that this relationship is probabilistic. However, imprecision in epidemiological research design, measurement limitations and the epiphenomenological nature of PE invite further robust scrutiny of the continuity theory.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Psychiatry
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Psychiatry
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPS
                Title: Iranian Journal of Psychiatry
                Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 1735-4587
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2215
                Publication date (Print): January 2022
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 52-60
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
                [3 ]Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding Author: Address: Department of Psychology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Postal Code: 1711734353. Tel: 98-21 33783737, Fax: 98-21 88830831, Email: a_ghorbali@ 123456azad.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJPS-17-52
                DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v17i1.8049
                PMC ID: 8994835
                PubMed ID: 35480133
                SO-VID: a5618291-c190-4566-8069-99fc67d50757
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 31 March 2020
                Date revision received : 13 December 2020
                Date accepted : 17 January 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: confusion,dissociation,imagination,schizotypal personality
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: confusion, dissociation, imagination, schizotypal personality

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