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      Mortality risk during heat waves in the summer 2013-2014 in 18 provinces of Argentina: Ecological study Translated title: Risco de mortalidade durante ondas de calor no verão 2013-2014 em 18 províncias da Argentina: Estudo ecológico

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          Abstract

          Abstract Increased frequency of heat waves (HWs) is one of the prominent consequences of climate change. Its impact on human health has been mostly reported in the northern hemisphere but has been poorly studied in the southern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the HWs waves occurred in the warm season 2013-14 on mortality in the center-north region of Argentina, where 22 million people live. It was carried out an observational study of ecological-type contrasting the mortality occurred during the HWs of the summer 2013-14 with the mortality in the summers 2010-11 to 2012-13, free from HWs. The mortality was analyzed according to the following variables: place of residence, age, sex and cause of death. During the HWs of the summer 2013-14, 1877 (RR=1.23, 95%CI 1.20-1.28) deaths in excess were registered. Moreover, the death risk significantly increased in 13 of the 18 provinces analyzed. The mortality rates by sex revealed heterogeneous behaviour regarding both the time and spatial scale. The death risk increased with age; it was particularly significant in four provinces for the 60-79 years group and in six provinces in people of 80 years and over. The death causes that showed significantly increments were respiratory, cardiovascular, renal diseases and diabetes.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O aumento da frequência das ondas de calor (OsC) é uma das consequências proeminentes das alterações climáticas. O seu impacto na saúde humana tem sido relatado principalmente no hemisfério norte, mas tem sido mal estudado no hemisfério sul. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos das OsC ocorridas no verão de 2013-14 sobre a mortalidade na região centro-norte da Argentina, onde 22 milhões de pessoas vivem. Foi realizado um estudo observacional de tipo ecológico que contrasta a mortalidade ocorrida durante as OsC do verão 2013-14 com a mortalidade nos verões 2010-11 a 2012-13. A mortalidade foi analisada de acordo com local de residência, idade, sexo e causa de morte. Durante as OsC do verão de 2013-14, registaram-se 1.877 (RR=1.23, 95%IC 1.20-1.28) mortes em excesso. O risco de morte (RM) aumentou significativamente em 13 das 18 províncias analisadas. As taxas de mortalidade por sexo revelaram um comportamento heterogêneo tanto no tempo como na escala espacial. O RM foi aumentado com a idade; este aumento foi particularmente significativo em quatro províncias para o grupo de 60-79 anos e em seis províncias em pessoas com mais de 80 anos. As causas de morte que mostraram significativamente incrementos foram: doenças respiratórias, cardiovasculares, renais e diabetes.

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          Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003.

          Daily numbers of deaths at a regional level were collected in 16 European countries. Summer mortality was analyzed for the reference period 1998-2002 and for 2003. More than 70,000 additional deaths occurred in Europe during the summer 2003. Major distortions occurred in the age distribution of the deaths, but no harvesting effect was observed in the months following August 2003. Global warming constitutes a new health threat in an aged Europe that may be difficult to detect at the country level, depending on its size. Centralizing the count of daily deaths on an operational geographical scale constitutes a priority for Public Health in Europe.
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            A review on the scientific understanding of heatwaves—Their measurement, driving mechanisms, and changes at the global scale

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              Heat Wave and Mortality: A Multicountry, Multicommunity Study

              Background: Few studies have examined variation in the associations between heat waves and mortality in an international context. Objectives: We aimed to systematically examine the impacts of heat waves on mortality with lag effects internationally. Methods: We collected daily data of temperature and mortality from 400 communities in 18 countries/regions and defined 12 types of heat waves by combining community-specific daily mean temperature ≥ 90 th , 92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of temperature with duration ≥ 2 , 3, and 4 d. We used time-series analyses to estimate the community-specific heat wave–mortality relation over lags of 0–10 d. Then, we applied meta-analysis to pool heat wave effects at the country level for cumulative and lag effects for each type of heat wave definition. Results: Heat waves of all definitions had significant cumulative associations with mortality in all countries, but varied by community. The higher the temperature threshold used to define heat waves, the higher heat wave associations on mortality. However, heat wave duration did not modify the impacts. The association between heat waves and mortality appeared acutely and lasted for 3 and 4 d. Heat waves had higher associations with mortality in moderate cold and moderate hot areas than cold and hot areas. There were no added effects of heat waves on mortality in all countries/regions, except for Brazil, Moldova, and Taiwan. Heat waves defined by daily mean and maximum temperatures produced similar heat wave–mortality associations, but not daily minimum temperature. Conclusions: Results indicate that high temperatures create a substantial health burden, and effects of high temperatures over consecutive days are similar to what would be experienced if high temperature days occurred independently. People living in moderate cold and moderate hot areas are more sensitive to heat waves than those living in cold and hot areas. Daily mean and maximum temperatures had similar ability to define heat waves rather than minimum temperature. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1026
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                May 2022
                : 27
                : 5
                : 2071-2086
                Affiliations
                [1] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameMinisterio de Salud de la Nación orgdiv1Salud Ambiental Argentina ehdetitto@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires orgnameServicio Meteorológico Nacional orgdiv1Dirección Nacional de Pronósticos y Servicios para la Sociedad orgdiv2Dirección de Servicios Sectoriales Argentina
                [4] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad Nacional de La Matanza orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Argentina
                [2] Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Dirección Central de Monitoreo del Clima Argentina
                [5] Entre Ríos orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Entre Ríos orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Argentina
                Article
                S1413-81232022000502071 S1413-8123(22)02700502071
                10.1590/1413-81232022275.07502021
                35544832
                a4a95c6f-ea0f-44ba-8a5c-9abd98789cc5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 November 2020
                : 29 July 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Free Themes

                Mortality,Heatwave,Climate change,Environmental health,Death risk,Mortalidade,Onda de calor,Mudanças climáticas,Saúde ambiental,Risco de morte

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