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      Prevalência e fatores associados à fragilidade em idosos institucionalizados das regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil Translated title: Prevalence and factors associated to frailty in institutionalized elderly of Southeastern and Middle-Western Brazil

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de fragilidade e identificar os fatores associados à fragilidade em indivíduos residentes em instituições de longa permanência para idosos das regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo seccional, com 442 idosos institucionalizados de quatro municípios brasileiros. A fragilidade foi avaliada pela versão brasileira do Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). Foram descritas as características da população e estimada a prevalência da fragilidade. Efetuou-se a descrição dos escores total e dos domínios do instrumento. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson para explorar as associações observadas, após ajuste para confundimento. RESULTADOS: Grande parte da população era masculina (64,3%), escolarizada (74,1%) e a média de idade era de 75,0 (9,9) anos. A prevalência de fragilidade foi de 52,0%. A média do escore total do TFI foi de 4,9 (2,5) pontos e as médias dos escores dos domínios físico, social e psicológico corresponderam a 2,8 (1,7), 1,3 (0,9) e 0,8 (0,8), respectivamente. Mostraram-se associadas à fragilidade em idosos institucionalizados: idade elevada, analfabetismo, comorbidades e polifarmácia. No modelo multivariado, somente analfabetismo e comorbidades mantiveram sua significância estatística (RP=1,28 IC95% 1,07-1,54 e RP=1,48 IC95% 1,21-1,81). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de fragilidade foi maior do que a observada nos outros dois estudos que avaliaram idosos institucionalizados. As associações identificadas são corroboradas pela literatura científica. O TFI é um instrumento multidimensional baseado em um conceito integral da fragilidade e a versão brasileira se mostrou adequada para avaliar esta condição em idosos institucionalizados. Entretanto, é importante realizar estudos que avaliem sua utilização em idosos residentes na comunidade.

          Translated abstract

          AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and identify the associated factors in residents of homes for the aged of Southeast and Middle West regions of Brazil. METHODS: Sectional study with 442 institutionalized elderly in four Brazilian municipalities. Frailty was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). The characteristics of the study population were described and the prevalence of frailty was estimated. Means of the total score of TFI and of the scores of its domains were verified. Poisson's regression was applied to explore the observed associations, after adjustment for confounding. RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male (64.3%) and schooled (74.1%) and mean age was 75.0 (9.9) years. Prevalence of frailty was 52.0%. The mean of TFI's total score was 4.9 (2.5) points and the means of domains physical, psychological and social were, respectively, 2.8 (1.7), 1.3 (0.9) and 0.8 (0.8). The following variables were associated with frailty in institutionalized elders: advanced age, illiteracy, comorbidity and polipharmacy. In the multivariate model, only the associations with illiteracy and comorbidity maintained statistical significance (PR=1.28 CI95% 1.07-1.54 and PR=1.48 CI95% 1.21-1.81). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of frailty was higher than the observed in two other studies that assessed this condition in institutionalized elders. The identified associations are corroborated by the scientific literature. The TFI is a multidimensional instrument based on an integral concept of frailty and the Brazilian version was adequate to evaluate this condition in institutionalized elders. However, it is important to conduct studies to assess its usefulness in elderly community residents.

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          Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype

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            Prognostic significance of potential frailty criteria.

            To determine the independent prognostic effect of seven potential frailty criteria, including five from the Fried phenotype, on several adverse outcomes. Prospective cohort study. Greater New Haven, Connecticut. Seven hundred fifty-four initially nondisabled, community-living persons aged 70 and older. An assessment of seven potential frailty criteria (slow gait speed, low physical activity, weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms) was completed at baseline and every 18 months for 72 months. Participants were followed with monthly telephone interviews for up to 96 months to determine the occurrence of chronic disability, long-term nursing home (NH) stays, injurious falls, and death. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, education, number of chronic conditions, and the presence of the other potential frailty criteria, three of the five Fried criteria (slow gait speed, low physical activity, and weight loss) were independently associated with chronic disability, long-term NH stays, and death. Slow gait speed was the strongest predictor of chronic disability (hazard ratio (HR)=2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.32-3.80) and long-term NH stay (HR=3.86, 95% CI=2.23-6.67) and was the only significant predictor of injurious falls (HR=2.19, 95% CI=1.33-3.60). Cognitive impairment was also associated with chronic disability (HR=1.82, 95% CI=1.40-2.38), long-term NH stay (HR=2.64, 95% CI=1.75-3.99), and death (HR=1.54, 95% CI=1.13-2.10), and the magnitude of these associations was comparable with that of weight loss. The results of this study provide strong evidence to support the use of slow gait speed, low physical activity, weight loss, and cognitive impairment as key indicators of frailty while raising concerns about the value of self-reported exhaustion and muscle weakness.
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              Estatuto do Idoso

              C. Camara (2003)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgg
                Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia
                Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.
                Universidade do Estado do Rio Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro )
                1981-2256
                2014
                : 17
                : 2
                : 327-337
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [2 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S1809-98232014000200327
                10.1590/S1809-98232014000200010
                a3dbcd19-71e6-41b4-87d9-87d5db631bdf

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1809-9823&lng=en
                Categories
                GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

                Geriatric medicine
                Frailty,Prevalence,Epidemiologic Factors,Elderly,Homes for the Elderly,Fragilidade,Prevalência,Determinantes,Idosos,Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos

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