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      Dear Mental Health Practitioners, Take Care of Yourselves: a Literature Review on Self-Care

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          Abstract

          Stress, burnout, and professional impairment are prevalent among mental health professionals and can have a negative impact on their clinical work, whilst engagement in self-care can help promote therapist well-being. This literature review examines the role of self-care in the promotion of well-being among mental health practitioners. Specifically, empirical research is presented in relation to specific domains of self-care practice, including awareness, balance, flexibility, physical health, social support, and spirituality. Findings from this review underscore the importance of taking a proactive approach to self-care and, in particular, integrating self-care directly into clinical training programs and into the quality assurance processes of professional organizations within the field of mental health.

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          Most cited references120

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          Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care.

          Psychotherapists who work with the chronic illness tend to disregard their own self-care needs when focusing on the needs of clients. The article discusses the concept of compassion fatigue, a form of caregiver burnout among psychotherapists and contrasts it with simple burnout and countertransference. It includes a multi-factor model of compassion fatigue that emphasizes the costs of caring, empathy, and emotional investment in helping the suffering. The model suggests that psychotherapists that limiting compassion stress, dealing with traumatic memories, and more effectively managing case loads are effective ways of avoiding compassion fatigue. The model also suggests that, to limit compassion stress, psychotherapists with chronic illness need to development methods for both enhancing satisfaction and learning to separate from the work emotionally and physically in order to feel renewed. A case study illustrates how to help someone with compassion fatigue. Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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            Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training.

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              Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms?

              Emotion dysregulation is thought to be critical to the development of negative psychological outcomes. Gross (1998b) conceptualized the timing of regulation strategies as key to this relationship, with response-focused strategies, such as expressive suppression, as less effective and more detrimental compared to antecedent-focused ones, such as cognitive reappraisal. In the current study, we examined the relationship between reappraisal and expressive suppression and measures of psychopathology, particularly for stress-related reactions, in both undergraduate and trauma-exposed community samples of women. Generally, expressive suppression was associated with higher, and reappraisal with lower, self-reported stress-related symptoms. In particular, expressive suppression was associated with PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms in the trauma-exposed community sample, with rumination partially mediating this association. Finally, based on factor analysis, expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal appear to be independent constructs. Overall, expressive suppression, much more so than cognitive reappraisal, may play an important role in the experience of stress-related symptoms. Further, given their independence, there are potentially relevant clinical implications, as interventions that shift one of these emotion regulation strategies may not lead to changes in the other.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tgall@ustpaul.ca
                Journal
                Int J Adv Couns
                Int J Adv Couns
                International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling
                Springer US (New York )
                0165-0653
                1573-3246
                23 May 2019
                2020
                : 42
                : 1
                : 1-20
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.412363.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9772, Saint Paul University, ; Ottawa, Canada
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-0105
                Article
                9382
                10.1007/s10447-019-09382-w
                7223989
                32435076
                a2fee325-493a-4037-9adc-1b63f9c7dff9
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Categories
                Review Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                stress,burnout,professional impairment,self-care,therapist well-being

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