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      Neuromuscular and Blood Lactate Response After a Motocross Training Session in Amateur Riders

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          Abstract

          Background

          Motocross is one of the most popular motorized off-road sports, characterized by riding on irregular natural terrain of hard earth and/or sand with various obstacles throughout the course.

          Objectives

          This study evaluated the influence of a motocross training session on neuromuscular response and blood lactate in amateur riders.

          Patients and Methods

          Nine motocross riders (22.7 ± 2.8 years) participating in amateur competitions at the state level conducted a training session of 20 minutes duration at a motocross track (1.6 km) with a 250-cc four-stroke motorcycle. Metabolic demand was measured with blood lactate concentrations before and immediately, 3, 5, 8, and 10 minutes after the training session. To measure neuromuscular response, riders completed handgrip strength and horizontal jump tests before and 10 minutes after the training session. Student’s t-test and analysis of variance one-way repeated measures were used to compare the changes before and after the motocross training session.

          Results

          Significant decreases in handgrip strength were observed for both hands (left: P = 0.010 and right: P = 0.004). However, no significant difference (P = 0.241) in horizontal jump ability was observed. Significant blood lactate values were observed immediately (P = 0.001), 3 (P = 0.001), 5 (P = 0.001), and 8 (P = 0.01) minutes after training when compared to the value before training. The peak blood lactate value was 6.5 ± 2.7 mM at 8 minutes after the training session.

          Conclusions

          Amateur motocross riders had significant anaerobic metabolism demands and had reduced handgrip strength following a training session. These data suggest an importance of physical training aimed at improving anaerobic and neuromuscular performance of the upper limbs in amateur motocross riders.

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          Most cited references12

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          Horizontal and vertical jump assessment: reliability, symmetry, discriminative and predictive ability

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            Measurement tools used in the study of eccentric contraction-induced injury.

            The objective of this review is to evaluate the measurement tools currently used in the study of eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury, with emphasis on their usefulness for quantifying the magnitude and duration of the injury and as indicators of muscle functional deficits. In studies in humans, it was concluded that measurements of maximal voluntary contraction torque and range of motion provide the best methods for quantifying muscle injury. Similarly, in animal studies, the in vitro measurement of electrically elicited force under isometric conditions was considered to be the best of the measurement tools currently in use. For future studies, more effort should be put into measuring other contractile parameters (e.g. force/torque-velocity and force/torque-length relationships maximal shortening velocity and fatigue susceptibility) that may reflect injury-induced functional impairments. The use of histology, ratings of soreness and the measurement of blood or bath levels of myofibre proteins should be discouraged for purposes of quantifying muscle injury and/or functional impairment.
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              Maximum grip strength in normal subjects from 20 to 64 years of age.

              The purposes of this study were to develop normative maximum grip strength (GRIP) data for men and women aged 20 to 64 years, separated into nine five-year age groups, and to develop prediction equations for GRIP using gender, age, height, weight, and hand dominance. A total of 1,182 volunteers (553 men and 629 women) participated in the study. Maximum hand grips were obtained using the Jamar dynamometer with standardized positioning and instructions. The hand to be tested first was chosen randomly. Each hand was then tested alternately. Three trials were performed on each hand. The highest GRIP for each hand was used for analysis. Two-way analyses of variance showed significant differences between the right and left hands and across the age groups for both genders. Follow-up analyses showed that significant decreases occurred between the age groups of 50-54 and 55-59 years in men and between the age groups of 50-54 and 60-64 years in women. The data also indicated that right and left GRIPs were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.93). Gender, height, and weight moderately correlated with both GRIPS (r = 0.52-0.73. Age correlated weakly with both GRIPs (r = -0.17). If either the right or the left GRIP was known, the other GRIP could be predicted easily from the known GRIP, with 87% of variance accounted for. Without the knowledge of the other GRIP, either GRIP could be predicted through gender, height, weight, age, and hand dominance, with 61% to 62% of the explained variance. The norms and prediction equations of GRIP developed in this study for men and women aged 20 to 64 years will help clinicians with decision making regarding grip strength.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Asian J Sports Med
                Asian J Sports Med
                10.5812/asjsm
                Kowsar
                Asian Journal of Sports Medicine
                Kowsar
                2008-000X
                2008-7209
                12 March 2016
                June 2016
                : 7
                : 2
                : e23805
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Idico Luiz Pellegrinotti, College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: ilpelleg@ 123456unimep.br
                Article
                10.5812/asjsm.23805
                5003302
                a28f4883-859f-413a-bc46-02a085e03bfa
                Copyright © 2016, Sports Medicine Research Center

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 04 October 2014
                : 24 December 2014
                Categories
                Research Article

                Sports medicine
                lactate,metabolism,limbs
                Sports medicine
                lactate, metabolism, limbs

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