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      Comparative metabolic profiling of different pakchoi cultivars reveals nutritional diversity via widely targeted metabolomics

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          Abstract

          Pakchoi ( Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) is cultivated for its high nutritional value; however, the nutritional diversity of different pakchoi cultivars is rarely investigated. Herein, we performed widely targeted metabolic profiling analyses of five popular pakchois. A total of 670 metabolites were detected, which could be divided into 13 categories. The accumulation patterns of main nutritional metabolites among the five pakchois were significantly different and complementary. Moreover, the pakchoi cultivar ‘QYC’ showed quite different metabolomic profiles compared with other pakchois. The Venn diagram showed that the 75 differential metabolites were shared among the comparison groups (‘QYC’ vs. ‘MET’/ ‘NBC’/ ‘PPQ’/ ‘XQC’), of which 52 metabolites were upregulated in ‘QYC’. The phenolic acids had the largest variations between ‘QYC’ and the other pakchoi cultivars. These findings expand metabolomic information on different pakchoi cultivars and further provide new insights into the selection and breeding of excellent pakchoi cultivars.

          Highlights

          • Each pakchoi cultivar has unique nutritional characteristics and metabolomic profiles.

          • Phenolic acids and flavonoids were the main secondary metabolites in pakchoi.

          • The phenolic acids had the most variation between ‘QYC’ and the other cultivars.

          • Three phenolic acid metabolites were detected in pakchoi for the first time.

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          Most cited references40

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          Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases.

          Human intervention trials have provided evidence for protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While there are considerable data suggesting benefits of (poly)phenol intake, conclusions regarding their preventive potential remain unresolved due to several limitations in existing studies. Bioactivity investigations using cell lines have made an extensive use of both (poly)phenolic aglycones and sugar conjugates, these being the typical forms that exist in planta, at concentrations in the low-μM-to-mM range. However, after ingestion, dietary (poly)phenolics appear in the circulatory system not as the parent compounds, but as phase II metabolites, and their presence in plasma after dietary intake rarely exceeds nM concentrations. Substantial quantities of both the parent compounds and their metabolites pass to the colon where they are degraded by the action of the local microbiota, giving rise principally to small phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites that are absorbed into the circulatory system. This comprehensive review describes the different groups of compounds that have been reported to be involved in human nutrition, their fate in the body as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system, the evidence of their impact on human chronic diseases, and the possible mechanisms of action through which (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites may exert these protective actions. It is concluded that better performed in vivo intervention and in vitro mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand how these molecules interact with human physiological and pathological processes.
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            Antioxidant capacity of phenolic phytochemicals from various cultivars of plums

            D. Kim (2003)
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              Phenolic acids, flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity of selected leafy vegetables

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Food Chem X
                Food Chem X
                Food Chemistry: X
                Elsevier
                2590-1575
                10 April 2024
                30 June 2024
                10 April 2024
                : 22
                : 101379
                Affiliations
                Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, SY, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang, SY 110866, China. zhangyun511@ 123456syau.edu.cn
                [1]

                These authors contributed equally.

                Article
                S2590-1575(24)00266-9 101379
                10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101379
                11031806
                38645937
                a27900f1-6491-4997-9f26-6fd9deb22375
                © 2024 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 8 December 2023
                : 5 April 2024
                : 9 April 2024
                Categories
                Research Article

                pakchoi,widely targeted metabolome analysis,nutritional diversity,differential metabolites,phenolic acids

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