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      Capturing product/service improvement ideas from social media based on lead user theory

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          Abstract

          Capturing valuable product/service improvement ideas is helpful for the development of new features. However, the existing methods for capturing such improvement ideas have the disadvantages of high cost, long time lag, information overload, and difficulty in getting a response. We propose an innovative framework based on lead user theory for capturing product/service improvement ideas from user‐generated content on social media (henceforth called “chatter”). To identify the chatter containing improvement ideas, we design a machine‐learning‐based imbalanced classification model. Additionally, we use text summarization technology to get a rough sense of improvement ideas from the selected chatter. We validate the proposed framework by a case study in the automotive industry. The results demonstrate that the ideas extracted by our framework are breakthrough innovative, useful, feasible, and adoptable.

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          The advantages of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) over F1 score and accuracy in binary classification evaluation

          Background To evaluate binary classifications and their confusion matrices, scientific researchers can employ several statistical rates, accordingly to the goal of the experiment they are investigating. Despite being a crucial issue in machine learning, no widespread consensus has been reached on a unified elective chosen measure yet. Accuracy and F1 score computed on confusion matrices have been (and still are) among the most popular adopted metrics in binary classification tasks. However, these statistical measures can dangerously show overoptimistic inflated results, especially on imbalanced datasets. Results The Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), instead, is a more reliable statistical rate which produces a high score only if the prediction obtained good results in all of the four confusion matrix categories (true positives, false negatives, true negatives, and false positives), proportionally both to the size of positive elements and the size of negative elements in the dataset. Conclusions In this article, we show how MCC produces a more informative and truthful score in evaluating binary classifications than accuracy and F1 score, by first explaining the mathematical properties, and then the asset of MCC in six synthetic use cases and in a real genomics scenario. We believe that the Matthews correlation coefficient should be preferred to accuracy and F1 score in evaluating binary classification tasks by all scientific communities.
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            Lead Users: A Source of Novel Product Concepts

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              Logistic regression: a brief primer.

              Regression techniques are versatile in their application to medical research because they can measure associations, predict outcomes, and control for confounding variable effects. As one such technique, logistic regression is an efficient and powerful way to analyze the effect of a group of independent variables on a binary outcome by quantifying each independent variable's unique contribution. Using components of linear regression reflected in the logit scale, logistic regression iteratively identifies the strongest linear combination of variables with the greatest probability of detecting the observed outcome. Important considerations when conducting logistic regression include selecting independent variables, ensuring that relevant assumptions are met, and choosing an appropriate model building strategy. For independent variable selection, one should be guided by such factors as accepted theory, previous empirical investigations, clinical considerations, and univariate statistical analyses, with acknowledgement of potential confounding variables that should be accounted for. Basic assumptions that must be met for logistic regression include independence of errors, linearity in the logit for continuous variables, absence of multicollinearity, and lack of strongly influential outliers. Additionally, there should be an adequate number of events per independent variable to avoid an overfit model, with commonly recommended minimum "rules of thumb" ranging from 10 to 20 events per covariate. Regarding model building strategies, the three general types are direct/standard, sequential/hierarchical, and stepwise/statistical, with each having a different emphasis and purpose. Before reaching definitive conclusions from the results of any of these methods, one should formally quantify the model's internal validity (i.e., replicability within the same data set) and external validity (i.e., generalizability beyond the current sample). The resulting logistic regression model's overall fit to the sample data is assessed using various goodness-of-fit measures, with better fit characterized by a smaller difference between observed and model-predicted values. Use of diagnostic statistics is also recommended to further assess the adequacy of the model. Finally, results for independent variables are typically reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Journal of Product Innovation Management
                J of Product Innov Manag
                Wiley
                0737-6782
                1540-5885
                September 2023
                May 19 2023
                September 2023
                : 40
                : 5
                : 630-656
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Management Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui People's Republic of China
                [2 ] Gary W. Rollins College of Business University of Tennessee–Chattanooga Tennessee USA
                Article
                10.1111/jpim.12676
                a2401fce-2674-4708-9bcf-d177a3c629c1
                © 2023

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