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      Role of oleic acid in immune system; mechanism of action: a review Translated title: Papel del ácido oleico en el sistema inmune; mecanismo de acción: revisión científica

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Although n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been widely described as anti-inflammatory fats, little is known about the role of oleic acid in immune system. Aim: The aim of the present review is to join all the reports available in order to analyze where exactly the knowledge concerning this topic is and what the causes of the controversial data could be. Methods: We searched electronic databases and bibliographies of selected articles were inspected for further reference. Results: Diets rich in oleic acid have beneficial effects in inflammatory-related diseases. In addition, a wide range of studies evaluate the effect of oleic acid in different cellular functions thus reporting a potential mechanism for the biological effect of such a fat. However, some controversial data can be found in literature, maybe related to the kind of study or even the dose of the reagent added. Conclusion: In conclusion, oleic acid could be reported as an anti-inflammatory fatty acid playing a role in the activation of different pathways of immune competent cells.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción: Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la familia n-3 han sido ampliamente caracterizados por su potencial antiinflamatorio. Sin embargo, las evidencias relativas al papel del ácido oleico en el sistema inmune son escasas. Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica es hacer una recopilación de todos y cada uno de los trabajos publicados a este respecto, al objeto de evaluar dónde se encuentra el conocimiento relativo a esta área y cuáles pueden ser las causas de los resultados contradictorios. Métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de bases de datos electrónicas y las referencias de los artículos de interés han sido utilizadas como fuente de búsquedas más avanzadas. Resultados: Las dietas ricas en ácido oleico parecen estar asociadas con un beneficio en determinadas patologías de base inflamatoria. Además, un gran número de estudios se han centrado en evaluar el papel que juega tal ácido graso en distintas funciones celulares, argumentando posibles mecanismos que sustentarían los efectos biológicos que se atribuyen a su consumo. Sin embargo, en algunos casos se observan resultados contradictorios que quizá puedan deberse al tipo de estudio desarrollado o incluso a la dosis de ácido con la que se experimenta. Conclusión: En conclusión, el ácido oleico podría ser presentado como una grasa anti-inflamatoria dado el papel que juega en la activación de distintos mecanismos de señalización de células inmunocompetentes.

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          Direct activation of human TRPC6 and TRPC3 channels by diacylglycerol.

          Eukaryotic cells respond to many hormones and neurotransmitters with increased activity of the enzyme phospholipase C and a subsequent rise in the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i). The increase in [Ca2+]i occurs as a result of the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and an influx of Ca2+ through the plasma membrane; this influx of Ca2+ may or may not be store-dependent. Drosophila transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins and some mammalian homologues (TRPC proteins) are thought to mediate capacitative Ca2+ entry. Here we describe the molecular mechanism of store-depletion-independent activation of a subfamily of mammalian TRPC channels. We find that hTRPC6 is a non-selective cation channel that is activated by diacylglycerol in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinases C activated by diacylglycerol. Although hTRPC3, the closest structural relative of hTRPC6, is activated in the same way, TRPCs 1, 4 and 5 and the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 are unresponsive to the lipid mediator. Thus, hTRPC3 and hTRPC6 represent the first members of a new functional family of second-messenger-operated cation channels, which are activated by diacylglycerol.
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            Activation-induced cell death in T cells.

            A properly functioning immune system is dependent on programmed cell death at virtually every stage of lymphocyte development and activity. This review addresses the phenomenon of activation-induced cell death (AICD) in T lymphocytes, in which activation through the T-cell receptor results in apoptosis. AICD can occur in a cell-autonomous manner and is influenced by the nature of the initial T-cell activation events. It plays essential roles in both central and peripheral deletion events involved in tolerance and homeostasis, although it is likely that different forms of AICD proceed via different mechanisms. For example, while AICD in peripheral T cells is often caused by the induction of expression of the death ligand, Fas ligand (CD95 ligand, FasL), it does not appear to be involved in AICD in thymocytes. This and other mechanisms of AICD are discussed. One emerging model that may complement other forms of AICD involves the inducible expression of FasL by nonlymphoid tissues in response to activated T lymphocytes. Induction of nonlymphoid FasL in this manner may serve as a sensing mechanism for immune cell infiltration, which contributes to peripheral deletion.
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              Apoptosis in the development and maintenance of the immune system.

              Programmed cell death is essential for the development and maintenance of cellular homeostasis of the immune system. The Bcl-2 family of proteins comprises both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members. A subset of pro-apoptotic members, called 'BH3-only' proteins, share sequence homology only in the minimal death domain, designated the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain. BH3-only proteins operate as upstream sentinels, selectively sensing both intrinsic and extrinsic death stimuli. They communicate this information to the pro-apoptotic 'multidomain' members Bax or Bak--a process that is antagonized by anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. The functional balance of pro-apoptotic versus anti-apoptotic influences, which operates at organelles, determines whether a lymphocyte will live or die. BH3-only molecules, often working in concert, compete for downstream multidomain pro- and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members to control serial stages of lymphocyte development and homeostasis.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2012
                : 27
                : 4
                : 978-990
                Affiliations
                [01] Burgos orgnameUniversidad de Burgos orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Área de Nutrición y Bromatología Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112012000400004
                10.3305/nh.2012.27.4.5783
                23165533
                a239e4d7-1b24-4fb2-b640-233f5cfbb260

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 February 2012
                : 02 March 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 160, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Acido oleico,Sistema inmune,Señalización celular,Oleic acid,Immune system,Intracellular signaling

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