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      Hipertensión intracraneal idiopática: principales aspectos neurofisiológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos Translated title: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Main Neurophysiological, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Features

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          Abstract

          La hipertensión intracraneal idiopática, también conocida como pseudotumor cerebral, es una enfermedad caracterizada por un incremento de la presión intracraneal no atribuible a masas cerebrales o a alteraciones estructurales focales, con composición normal del líquido cefalorraquídeo. En estudios imagenológicos pueden observarse ventrículos normales o pequeños. Se desconoce su etiología y patogenia. Es causa eludible de pérdida de la visión, tanto en adultos como en niños. El tratamiento es con frecuencia efectivo y la mayoría de los pacientes experimentan una resolución completa de los síntomas sin persistencia de déficits.

          Translated abstract

          Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, also known as pseudotumor cerebri is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure, not caused to mass lesions or focal structural abnormalities, or with normal composition of the cerebrospinal fluid. Ventricles can be observed normal or small in imaging studies. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is an avoidable cause of visual loss, in both adults and children. Treatment is usually effective, and most patients have observed complete resolution of symptoms without persistent deficits.

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          Diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

          The syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without hydrocephalus or mass lesion and with normal CSF composition, previously referred to as pseudotumor cerebri, is a diagnosis of exclusion now termed idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Diagnostic criteria of this disorder have not been updated since the Modified Dandy Criteria were articulated in 1985. Since then, new developments, including advances in neuroimaging technology and recognition of additional secondary causes of intracranial hypertension, have further enhanced the ability to diagnose conditions that may mimic IIH. These factors are not addressed in the Modified Dandy Criteria. This report describes updated diagnostic criteria for IIH that may be used for routine patient management and for research purposes.
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            Idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

            Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ((IIH) is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure of unknown cause. It is predominantly a disease of women in the childbearing years. Although the cause of IIH remains obscure, it has become clear that loss of visual function is common and patients may progress to blindness if untreated. Diagnosis should adhere to the modified Dandy criteria and other causes of intracranial hypertension sought. IIH patient management should include serial perimetry and optic disc grading or photography. The proper therapy can then be selected and visual loss prevented or reversed. Although there are no evidence-based data to guide therapy, there is an ongoing randomized double-blind controlled treatment trial of IIH investigating diet and medical therapy. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Low energy diet and intracranial pressure in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: prospective cohort study

              Objective To observe intracranial pressure in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who follow a low energy diet. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Outpatient department and the clinical research facility based at two separate hospitals within the United Kingdom. Participants 25 women with body mass index (BMI) >25, with active (papilloedema and intracranial pressure >25 cm H2O), chronic (over three months) idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Women who had undergone surgery to treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension were excluded. Intervention Stage 1: no new intervention; stage 2: nutritionally complete low energy (calorie) diet (1777 kJ/day (425 kcal/day)); stage 3: follow-up period after the diet. Each stage lasted three months. Main outcome measure The primary outcome was reduction in intracranial pressure after the diet. Secondary measures included score on headache impact test-6, papilloedema (as measured by ultrasonography of the elevation of the optic disc and diameter of the nerve sheath, together with thickness of the peripapillary retina measured by optical coherence tomography), mean deviation of Humphrey visual field, LogMAR visual acuity, and symptoms. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and three, six, and nine months. Lumbar puncture, to quantify intracranial pressure, was measured at baseline and three and six months. Results All variables remained stable over stage 1. During stage 2, there were significant reductions in weight (mean 15.7 (SD 8.0) kg, P<0.001), intracranial pressure (mean 8.0 (SD 4.2) cm H2O, P<0.001), score on headache impact test (7.6 (SD 10.1), P=0.004), and papilloedema (optic disc elevation (mean 0.15 (SD 0.23) mm, P=0.002), diameter of the nerve sheath (mean 0.7 (SD 0.8) mm, P=0.004), and thickness of the peripapillary retina (mean 25.7 (SD 36.1) µ, P=0.001)). Mean deviation of the Humphrey visual field remained stable, and in only five patients, the LogMAR visual acuity improved by one line. Fewer women reported symptoms including tinnitus, diplopia, and obscurations (10 v 4, P=0.004; 7 v 0, P=0.008; and 4 v 0, P=0.025, respectively). Re-evaluation at three months after the diet showed no significant change in weight (0.21 (SD 6.8) kg), and all outcome measures were maintained. Conclusion Women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who followed a low energy diet for three months had significantly reduced intracranial pressure compared with pressure measured in the three months before the diet, as well as improved symptoms and reduced papilloedema. These reductions persisted for three months after they stopped the diet.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ccm
                Correo Científico Médico
                ccm
                Universidad Ciencias Médicas de Holguín (Holguín )
                1560-4381
                June 2015
                : 19
                : 2
                : 282-299
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Lucía Iñiguez Landín Cuba
                [2 ] Hospital General Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin Cuba
                [3 ] Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín Cuba
                [4 ] Hospital Pediátrico Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja Cuba
                [5 ] Policlínico Mario Gutiérrez Ardaya Cuba
                Article
                S1560-43812015000200010
                a23111f4-73d0-4d53-9643-5bd29e492e8a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1560-4381&lng=en
                Categories
                HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

                Health & Social care
                idiopathic intracranial hypertension,pseudotumor cerebri,visual loss,hipertensión intracraneal idiopática,pseudotumor cerebral,pérdida de la visión

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