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      O FENÔMENO CRISE NO CUIDADO ÀS PESSOAS EM USO DE DROGAS: UM ESTUDO FENOMENOLÓGICO Translated title: EL FENÓMENO DE LA CRISIS EN LA ATENCIÓN A LAS PERSONAS QUE CONSUMEN DROGAS: UN ESTUDIO FENOMENOLÓGICO Translated title: THE CRISIS PHENOMENON IN THE CARE OF PEOPLE WHO USE DRUGS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

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          Abstract

          RESUMO: Objetivo: compreender o significado do fenômeno crise, as motivações e as expectativas dos trabalhadores no atendimento à pessoa em crise em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad). Método: pesquisa qualitativa, sob o referencial da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schutz, realizado com 14 trabalhadores no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2022 no município de Porto Alegre, RS-BR. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise fenomenológica. Resultados: a crise é relatada como um momento de sofrimento, com um potencial de transformação, que abrange aspectos subjetivos, sociais e familiares. O cuidado eficaz da pessoa em crise envolve o manejo verbal, o vínculo e o trabalho em equipe. As expectativas após o atendimento de uma pessoa em crise visam o bem-estar, a redução do sofrimento e a proteção do usuário. Conclusão: mostra-se essencial a ruptura do modelo biologicista na abordagem ao usuário com superação de estigmas e fortalecimento do cuidado integral.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN: Objetivo: Comprender el significado del fenómeno de la crisis, las motivaciones y expectativas de los trabajadores en la atención a personas en crisis en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y Drogas (CAPSad). Método: investigación cualitativa, basada en la fenomenología social de Alfred Schutz, realizada con 14 trabajadores en enero y febrero de 2022 en el municipio de Porto Alegre, RS-BR. Las entrevistas se sometieron a un análisis fenomenológico. Resultados: la crisis se describe como un momento de sufrimiento, con un potencial de transformación, que abarca aspectos subjetivos, sociales y familiares. Una atención eficaz en caso de crisis implica la gestión verbal, la vinculación y el trabajo en equipo. Las expectativas tras la atención a una persona en crisis tienen como objetivo el bienestar, la reducción del sufrimiento y la protección del usuario. Conclusión: es imprescindible romper con el modelo biologicista en el abordaje de los usuarios, superando estigmas y reforzando la atención integral.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meaning of the crisis phenomenon and the motivations and expectations of workers in the care of people in crisis in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad). Method: qualitative research, based on Alfred Schutz’s social phenomenology, was carried out with 14 workers in January and February 2022 in the municipality of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The interviews were subjected to phenomenological analysis. Results: the crisis is reported as a time of suffering, with a potential for transformation, covering subjective, social, and family aspects. Effective crisis care involves verbal management, bonding, and teamwork. The expectations following the care of a person in crisis are aimed at the well-being, reduction of suffering, and protection of the user. Conclusion: It is essential to break away from the biological model in the approach to users, overcoming stigmas and strengthening comprehensive care.

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          Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a potential public health crisis?

          In an attempt to control the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments across the world have implemented distancing measures during the search for medical countermeasures, resulting in millions of people being isolated for long periods. Alcohol misuse is one of the leading causes of preventable mortality, contributing annually to about 3 million deaths worldwide. 1 In some individuals, long term, excessive alcohol misuse might escalate into an alcohol use disorder. The potential public health effects of long-term isolation on alcohol use and misuse are unknown. Stress is a prominent risk factor for the onset and maintenance of alcohol misuse. For example, chronic alcohol use results in neuroadaptations in stress and reward pathways, which lead to dysfunctional hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical and sympathetic adrenomedullary axes, characterised by dysregulation of the cortisol response and deficits in emotional regulation. 2 In turn, these neuroadaptations lead to increased cravings for alcohol in response to stress. The effects of long-term social isolation on stress levels, including increased neuroendocrine responses and stress reactivity, have been described in non-human animals. 3 However, the ongoing lockdowns across many countries are unique and little is known of the effects on the general population of chronic isolation (with respect to health and wellbeing) in these circumstances A risk factor for the onset and maintenance of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder is trait impulsivity (ie, the tendency to take risks or act without adequate forethought or reflection). Impulsivity can moderate stress-induced consumption of alcohol 4 and is also associated with relapse in addicted individuals. 5 Thus, this period of isolation might lead to a spike in alcohol misuse, relapse, and potentially, development of alcohol use disorder in at-risk individuals, therefore placing further strain on addiction and drug and alcohol services, and the health service in general, during and after the pandemic. Most governments, including the UK Government, have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by advising the public to remain indoors, avoid unnecessary social contact, to protect themselves and health-care systems, and to save lives. We suggest that, as well as this important public health advice, governments should give public health warnings about excessive alcohol consumption during isolation to protect vulnerable individuals.
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            Guia estratégico para o cuidado de pessoas com necessidades relacionadas ao consumo de álcool e outras drogas: Guia AD

            (2015)
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              Attention to the Crisis in mental health: centralization and decentralization of practices

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cenf
                Cogitare Enfermagem
                Cogitare Enferm.
                Universidade Federal do Paraná (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                1414-8536
                2176-9133
                2024
                : 29
                : e91820
                Affiliations
                [1] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem Brazil
                [2] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Faculdade de Enfermagem Brazil
                Article
                S2176-91332024000100215 S2176-9133(24)02900000215
                10.1590/ce.v29i0.91820
                a2231c70-08d4-4ef6-a91b-3ed98b6909fc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 February 2024
                : 12 July 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Investigación cualitativa.,Serviços de Saúde Mental,Intervenção na Crise,Drug Users,Patient Care Team,Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente,Usuário de Drogas,Pesquisa Qualitativa.,Qualitative Research.,Mental Health Services,Servicios de salud mental,Crisis Intervention,Intervención en crisis,Consumidores de drogas,Equipo de atención al paciente

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