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      GEOMORFOLOGÍA DEL ÁREA DE PUTRE, ANDES DEL NORTE DE CHILE: ACCIÓN VOLCÁNICA Y CLIMÁTICA EN SU MODELADO Translated title: GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE PUTRE AREA, NORTHERN ANDES OF CHILE: VOLCANIC AND CLIMATE ACTIONINITS MODELING

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          Abstract

          Resumen: El área de Putre se localiza en una subcuenca de montaña a 3.500 msnm, en la vertiente oeste de la cordillera occidental Andina (extremo norte de Chile), en el que predominan formas de relieve asociadas a la acción volcánica y del clima. Dicho relieve es producto de la evolución geológica del Complejo Volcánico Taapaca (CVT), cuyos procesos eruptivos han dado paso a morfolitologías constructivas que configuran la subcuenca estudiada, en las que el factor climático ha actuado constantemente, meteorizando y erosionando los materiales, dando como resultado formas derivadas de procesos gravitacionales, fluviales y, en menor medida, periglaciales. Se reconoce en el modelado existente, la acción ejercida por procesos de tipo gravitacional que se han traducido en movimientos en masa de tipo derrumbes y flujos de detritos, mientras que la acción fluvial ha favorecido la formación de profundas y angostas quebradas en el área.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The Putre area is located in a sub-basin at an altitude of3,500 m on the west slope of the Western Andean mountain range (in the northernmost part of Chile), with volcanoes and the climate forming the predominant landforms. This relief is the result of the geological evolution of the Taapaca Volcanic Complex (CVT) whose eruptions have given rise to constructive morpholithologies shaping the sub-basin, and the climate consistently weathering and eroding, leading to forms which resulte primary from gravitational and fluvial processes and secundary from periglacial mechanisms. The existing model recognized both the action exerted by gravitational processes that have resulted in slumps and debris flows, and by fluvial action that has favored the formation of deep and narrow gorges in the area.

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          Most cited references33

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          Large volcanic debris avalanches: Characteristics of source areas, deposits, and associated eruptions

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            Active Andean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic setting

            The Andean volcanic arc includes over 200 potentially active Quaternary volcanoes, and at least 12 giant caldera/ignimbrite systems, occurring in four separate segments referred to as the Northern, Central, Southern and Austral Volcanic Zones. Volcanism results from subduction of the Nazca and Antarctic oceanic plates below South America. Active volcanoes occur where the angle of subduction is relatively steep (25°), and active arc segments are separated by regions below which subduction angle decreases and becomes relatively flat (<10°) at depths 100 km. Segments of low angle subduction formed beginning in the Miocene in association with subduction of buoyant oceanic plateaus and ridges, and current segmentation of subduction geometry and active Andean volcanic zones is clearly a transient feature related to Neogene tectonics. A genetic relation between subduction and volcanism is confirmed by geochemical studies indicating that generation of Andean magmas is initiated by dehydration and/or melting of subducting oceanic lithosphere and interaction of these slab-derived fluids/melts with the overlying mantle wedge. Continental crust is incorporated into Andean magmas by a combination of both subduction of crust into the subarc mantle and assimilation of crust into mantle-derived magmas. Variations in the rate of subduction erosion and subduction of continental crust significantly affect not only Andean magma chemistry, but also the along-strike intraplate mechanical coupling in the subduction zone and the dynamics of mountain building in the Andes. Crustal components are most significant in magmas erupted in the Central Volcanic Zone, where the crust is extremely thick (70 km) and estimated rates of subduction erosion of the continental margin, possibly equivalent to as much as 4% of the volume of subducting oceanic crust, are also greatest due to the hyper-arid climate conditions and low sediment supply to the trench. Obvious hazards associated with Andean volcanoes include lava and pyroclastic flows, lahars, debris flows resulting from sector collapse, and tephra falls. More than 25,000 people have been killed by the 600 eruptions of these volcanoes catalogued since the year 1532, most of these by lahars generated during the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, in 1985. Despite the fact that 20 million people live within <100 km of an active Andean volcano, mostly in low-lying areas in the intermontane valleys of Colombia and Ecuador and the Central Valley of south-central Chile, only <25 of these volcanoes are continuously monitored for signs of activity
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              Geological constraints on the emplacement mechanism of the Parinacota debris avalanche, northern Chile

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rda
                Diálogo andino
                Diálogo Andino
                Universidad de Tarapacá. Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas (Arica, , Chile )
                0719-2681
                September 2017
                : 0
                : 54
                : 7-20
                Affiliations
                [3] Arica Tarapacá orgnameUniversidad de Tarapacá orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Chile atapia@ 123456uta.cl
                [2] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Heidelberg orgdiv1Heidelberg Center para América Latina Chile albornoz@ 123456uni-heidelberg.de
                [1] Arica orgname Chile eoculturaluta@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0719-26812017000300007
                a1f88d48-f026-4514-8d98-dc010771e185

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 September 2016
                : 18 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Movimientos en masa,Putre,Complejo Volcánico Taapaca,Geomorfología,Taapaca Volcanic Complex,Geomorphology,Landslide

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