Effect of e-cigarette flavors on nicotine delivery and puffing topography: results from a randomized clinical trial of daily smokers

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

There is limited understanding regarding how various e-cigarette flavorings may influence the behavior of non-regular e-cigarette users who are regular cigarette smokers. To assess differences in nicotine delivery, puffing topography, subjective effects, and user satisfaction from different flavored e-liquids. Eighteen daily smokers (average age 44.1±7.0; 9 males; average CPD 13.0±5.8) smoked their tobacco cigarettes during an initial visit and returned five times to try an e-cigarette (eGo type) refilled with a nicotine solution (24 mg/ml) of five different flavors: cherry, tobacco, espresso, menthol, and vanilla (randomized order). Assessments at each visit included puffing topography, blood samples for nicotine analysis, and subjective reports of nicotine effects and flavor satisfaction. Vaping different flavors resulted in different levels of plasma nicotine. The flavor producing the highest plasma nicotine concentration (C max ) was cherry (median 21.2 ng/ml), which was not significantly different than nicotine delivery from a combustible cigarette (29.2 ng/ml, p>.05). Vanilla e-liquid produced the lowest C max (9.7 ng/ml), and participants tended to puff less frequently on vanilla compared to tobacco flavor (p=.013). Flavors did not differ significantly in the speed of nicotine delivery (T max ). During controlled use, puff duration for all flavors was significantly longer than a combustible cigarette (p<0.05). After controlling for nicotine delivery, significant differences in flavor enjoyment were detected. Menthol flavored e-liquid was rated as more enjoyable than vanilla and tobacco flavored e-liquids (p<0.05). Flavors tested in this study yielded different patterns of nicotine delivery and led to differences in reduction in smoking urges.

Related collections

Most cited references 29

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal.

J R Hughes, D Hatsukami (1986)

To test the validity, magnitude, and clinical significance of the signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal defined by DSM-III, both observed and reported signs and symptoms were measured in 50 smokers during two days of ad lib smoking and then during the first four days of abstinence. Observer and subject ratings of the DSM-III symptoms of craving for tobacco, irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and restlessness increased after cessation. In addition, bradycardia, impatience, somatic complaints, insomnia, increased hunger, and increased eating occurred after cessation. The frequency and intensity of these symptoms varied across subjects; however, the average distress from tobacco withdrawal was similar to that observed in psychiatric outpatients. Subjects who had more withdrawal discomfort were more tolerant to the cardiovascular effects of nicotine. Subjects who had more withdrawal discomfort did not have a lower rate of smoking cessation.

0 comments Cited 263 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU-brief) in laboratory and clinical settings.

L S Cox, S T Tiffany, A G Christen (2001)

A brief, 10-item version of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU; Tiffany & Drobes, British Journal of Addiction 86:1467-1476, 1991) was administered to 221 active cigarette smokers in a laboratory setting (Study 1) and to 112 smokers enrolled in a comprehensive smoking cessation program (Study 2). In the laboratory setting, craving to smoke was evaluated in response to neutral and smoking-related stimuli. In the clinical setting, craving was assessed prior to cessation and again during treatment. Factor analyses revealed that a two-factor solution best described the item structure of the QSU-Brief across conditions. Factor 1 items reflected a strong desire and intention to smoke, with smoking perceived as rewarding for active smokers. Factor 2 items represented an anticipation of relief from negative affect with an urgent desire to smoke. The findings were consistent with the expressions of craving found in the 32-item version of the QSU (Tiffany & Drobes, 1991). Regression analyses demonstrated stronger baseline mood intensity and self-reported tendency to smoke to achieve pleasurable effects and to experience the desire to smoke when cigarettes are unavailable were predictive of general levels of craving report in active smokers in the laboratory and clinical setting. The findings supported a multidimensional conceptualization of craving to smoke and demonstrated the utility of a brief multidimensional measure of craving.

0 comments Cited 214 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Nicotine, Carcinogen, and Toxin Exposure in Long-Term E-Cigarette and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Users : A Cross-sectional Study

Lion Shahab, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Benjamin C. Blount … (2017)

Given the rapid increase in the popularity of e-cigarettes and the paucity of associated longitudinal health-related data, the need to assess the potential risks of long-term use is essential.