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      Relação entre pausas silentes e classe gramatical em narrativas de crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem Translated title: Word class and silent pauses in spoken narratives of children with specific language impairment

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Verificar se há influência das classes gramaticais no tempo médio de pausas silentes durante a produção de narrativas em crianças em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem e em crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem (DEL). MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 20 crianças com DEL e 40 em desenvolvimento típico de linguagem com idade variando entre 7 e 10 anos. Cada sujeito elaborou 15 narrativas, baseadas em uma sequência de quatro cenas cada, com aumento gradual de complexidade. Após as análises das amostras foram identificados os substantivos, adjetivos, verbos, conjunções, preposições e pronomes. Num segundo momento, as amostras foram submetidas a um software para análise das pausas silentes (tempo em milissegundos), que permitiu o levantamento do tempo das pausas imediatamente anteriores a cada uma dessas categorias gramaticais. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram menor duração da pausa silente quando esta precedia os substantivos e maior quando esta precedia as conjunções. A análise estatística evidenciou que os grupos diferem em todas as classes de palavras, com média de pausas silentes maiores nas crianças com DEL. CONCLUSÃO: A classe gramatical influencia a duração da pausa silente, sendo esta menor quando precede substantivos e maior quando precede conjunções. Além disso, os indivíduos com DEL possuem pausas silentes mais longas possivelmente em decorrência de suas dificuldades com o processamento da linguagem.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To determine whether word class has any influence on the mean duration of silent pauses in the spoken narratives of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and in those with typical language development (TLD). METHODS: The study sample consisted of 60 children in the age range from 7 to 10 years: 20 with SLI; and 40 with TLD. Each child produced 15 narratives, each based on a set of four pictures (scenes) and each set of pictures being more complex than the last. The narratives were analyzed, and nouns, adjectives, verbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and pronouns were identified. A computer program was used in order to determine the duration (in milliseconds) of the silent pauses preceding words of each class. RESULTS: In both groups, silent pauses were shortest before nouns and longest before conjunctions. For all word classes, the mean duration of silent pauses was longer in the SLI group than in the TLD group. CONCLUSION: Word class influences the duration of silent pauses, which are shorter before nouns and longer before conjunctions. Children with SLI produce longer silent pauses, possibly because of their language processing difficulties.

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          Selection of children with specific language deficits.

          A standard approach to the selection of children with specific language deficit was devised. The approach was based on a current definition of specific language deficit that depends heavily on exclusion criteria. Children with known language deficit who had hearing impairment, cognitive deficit, neurologic deficit, or emotional or behavioral disorder were excluded. Both the exclusion criteria and the criteria dealing with required extent of language impairment were specified in considerable detail. A total of 132 language-impaired children aged 4-8 1/2 years were assessed. Criteria for selection of a matched group of normal-language children were also specified. The language-impaired children were referred to the project by speech and language clinicians in accordance with a set of broadly defined criteria. Contrary to expectation, less than one third of the children from this group met the more precisely defined criteria employed in the project. In addition, those who were selected did not form a homogeneous group but showed considerable variation in expressive versus receptive language and in articulation skill. The selection approach and its effectiveness for the purposes of clinical research and intervention studies are discussed.
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            The Underlying Nature of Specific Language Impairment

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              The underlying nature of specific language impairment.

              D. Bishop (1991)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                codas
                CoDAS
                CoDAS
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2317-1782
                2013
                : 25
                : 1
                : 64-69
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional Brasil
                Article
                S2317-17822013000100012
                10.1590/S2317-17822013000100012
                a1bfb843-d939-4481-9adc-404b90596558

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 September 2011
                : 08 May 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Language development,Desenvolvimento da linguagem,Fonoaudiologia,Narração,Transtornos do desenvolvimento da linguagem,Linguagem infantil,Speech, language and hearing sciences,Narration,Language development disorders,Child language

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