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      Evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning during the years 2017 to 2019 in Ilam, Iran

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Every year, drug poisoning is the most prevalent reason for referring patients to medical centers. This study aimed to evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam.

          Methods:

          In this In this Cross-sectional study, patient samples suspected of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning referred to the toxicology laboratory of Ilam University of Medical Sciences were analyzed using the HPLC method, and the results were analysed using SPSS software.

          Results:

          Results showed that the percentage of drug use is greater in men than in women. The highest percentage of morphine and methadone poisonings were detected in those under the age of 40, whereas the highest percentage of digoxin poisonings were recorded in those over the age of 80. As a result, the average age of digoxin users was substantially greater in men than in women. Methadone consumers showed significantly greater blood levels than others. In addition, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in blood levels between men and women who used morphine.

          Conclusion:

          In general, it is important to understand the status of drug poisoning with drugs such as morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol, as well as the prognosis associated with the treatment process of such poisoning.

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          Most cited references54

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          The Economic Burden of Prescription Opioid Overdose, Abuse, and Dependence in the United States, 2013.

          Curtis S. Florence, Chao Zhou, Feijun Luo … (2016)
          It is important to understand the magnitude and distribution of the economic burden of prescription opioid overdose, abuse, and dependence to inform clinical practice, research, and other decision makers. Decision makers choosing approaches to address this epidemic need cost information to evaluate the cost effectiveness of their choices.
          Article 0 comments Cited 209 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the dopamine system

            Michael A P Bloomfield, Abhishekh Ashok, Nora D. Volkow … (2016)
            The effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, are a pressing concern for global mental health. Patterns of cannabis use are changing drastically owing to legalization, the availability of synthetic analogues (commonly termed spice), cannavaping and an emphasis on the purported therapeutic effects of cannabis. Many of the reinforcing effects of THC are mediated by the dopamine system. Owing to the complexity of the cannabinoid-dopamine interactions that take place, there is conflicting evidence from human and animal studies concerning the effects of THC on the dopamine system. Acute THC administration causes increased dopamine release and neuron activity, whereas long-term use is associated with blunting of the dopamine system. Future research must examine the long-term and developmental dopaminergic effects of THC.
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              Monitoring falls in cohort studies of community-dwelling older people: effect of the recall interval.

              David A Ganz, Takahiro Higashi, Laurence Rubenstein (2005)
              To determine whether the interval over which patients are asked to remember their falls affects fall reporting. Systematic literature review. Community. Individuals being monitored for falls in prospective studies that asked participants to recall falls over varying intervals. Sensitivity and specificity of retrospective recall compared with a criterion-standard prospective assessment using some form of ongoing fall monitoring. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Recall of falls in the previous year was specific (specificity 91-95%) but less sensitive (sensitivity 80-89%) than the criterion standard of ongoing prospective collection of fall data using fall calendars or postcards. Patients with injurious falls were more likely to recall their falls. Lower Mini-Mental State Examination score was associated with poorer recall of falls in the one study addressing this issue. Whenever accurate data on all falls are critical, such as with interventions to decrease the rate of falls, researchers should gather information on falls every week or every month from study participants. The optimal method of fall monitoring--postcard, calendar, diary, telephone, or some combination of these--remains unknown.
              Article 0 comments Cited 62 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Caspian J Intern Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Caspian J Intern Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CJIM
                Title: Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
                Publisher: Babol University of Medical Sciences (Babol, Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 2008-6164
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-6172
                Publication date (Print): Spring 2023
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 356-364
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
                [3 ]Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [4 ]Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [5 ]Department of Pharmacology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
                [6 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
                [7 ]Dr B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhan Nagar, Durgapur-713206, West Bengal, India
                [8 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398-Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Kolkata-700125, West Bengal, India
                [9 ]Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: Aliasghar Manouchehri, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran E-mail: drmanouchehri@yahoo.com Tel: +98 1132238284
                Article
                DOI: 10.22088/cjim.14.2.356
                PMC ID: 10201129
                SO-VID: a18b61bf-c615-46be-86ef-7e4a0782e50b
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 13 July 2022
                Date revision received : 23 November 2022
                Date accepted : 8 December 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: poisoning drug,dronabinol,digoxin,methadone,morphine
                Data availability:
                Keywords: poisoning drug, dronabinol, digoxin, methadone, morphine

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