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      Empathy, emotional intelligence, and communication in Nursing: The moderating effect of the organizational factors* Translated title: Empatia, inteligência emocional e comunicação em enfermagem: efeito moderador de fatores organizacionais Translated title: Empatía, inteligencia emocional y comunicación en enfermería: efecto moderador de los factores organizacionales

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          to evaluate the relation and the moderating effect of the organizational factors on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence in the nurses.

          Method:

          a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 268 nurses from Valencia, Spain. The attitudes towards communication were evaluated by means of the specifically designed instrument, those towards empathy with the Jefferson’s Scale of Empathy for Nursing Students, and those towards emotional intelligence by means of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, consisting of 24 items. The effect of the studied variables was assessed by means of ANOVA, multiple linear regression models were applied, and the moderating effect was analyzed using PROCESS.

          Results:

          there are statistically significant differences based on the type on contract (permanent); and statistically significant differences were found in the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication. Regarding the regression models, the perspective taking dimension of empathy was the main predictive variable tn the dimensions of the attitudes towards communication. Finally, a moderating effect of the type of contract was evidenced in the effect of emotional reparation over the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication.

          Conclusion:

          the organizational factors exert an influence on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo:

          avaliar a relação e o efeito moderador dos fatores organizacionais nas atitudes dos enfermeiros em relação à comunicação, empatia e inteligência emocional.

          Método:

          estudo transversal em amostra de conveniência de 268 enfermeiros de Valência, Espanha. As atitudes em relação à comunicação foram avaliadas usando o instrumento desenvolvido para esse fim, a empatia com a Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Nursing Student e a inteligência emocional usando a Trait Meta-Mood Scale de 24 itens. O efeito das variáveis estudadas foi avaliado por meio de ANOVA, modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram realizados e o efeito moderador foi analisado por PROCESS.

          Resultados:

          existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas dependendo do tipo de contrato (permanente); e diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas na dimensão cognitiva das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Em relação aos modelos de regressão, a dimensão tomada de perspectiva da empatia foi a principal variável preditora nas dimensões das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Finalmente, um efeito moderador do tipo de contrato foi demonstrado no efeito do reparo emocional sobre a dimensão cognitiva das atitudes em relação à comunicação.

          Conclusão:

          fatores organizacionais influenciam atitudes em relação à comunicação, empatia e inteligência emocional.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo:

          evaluar la relación y el efecto moderador de los factores organizacionales sobre las actitudes hacia la comunicación, empatía e inteligencia emocional de los enfermeros.

          Método:

          se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 268 enfermeros de Valencia, España. Las actitudes hacia la comunicación se evaluaron mediante el instrumento diseñado para tal fin: la empatía con la Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Nursing Student y la inteligencia emocional mediante la Trait Meta-Mood Scale de 24 ítems. El efecto de las variables estudiadas se evaluó mediante ANOVA, se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y el efecto moderador se analizó mediante PROCESS.

          Resultados:

          existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del tipo de contrato (permanente); se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la dimensión cognitiva de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Con respecto a los modelos de regresión, la dimensión toma de perspectiva de la empatía fue la principal variable predictora en las dimensiones de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Finalmente, se evidenció un efecto moderador del tipo de contrato en el efecto de la reparación emocional sobre la dimensión cognitiva de las actitudes hacia la comunicación.

          Conclusión:

          los factores organizacionales influyen en las actitudes hacia la comunicación, empatía e inteligencia emocional.

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          Most cited references34

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Hayes, Andrew F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press

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            • Article: not found

            Validity and reliability of the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale.

            This study examined validity and reliability of the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale in a sample of 292 Spanish undergraduates. The internal consistency estimates for subscales were all above .85, and the test-retest correlations after 4 wk. ranged from .60 to .83. The correlations between scores on the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale subscales and criterion measures (Beck Depression Inventory, Satisfaction With Life Scale, and Ruminative Responses Scale) were in the expected direction. In summary, the Spanish modified version of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale had appropriate reliability and significant relations with criterion variables as in previous studies with the English version.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A review of empathy education in nursing.

              The ability for nurse educators to improve the empathy skill set of nurses has been the subject of several studies with varied outcomes. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for empathy education programmes in nursing and make recommendations for future nurse education. A review of CINAHL, Medline, Psych Info and Google Scholar was undertaken using the keywords empathy, person centredness, patient centredness, client centredness, education and nursing. The studies included were required to have measured the effectiveness of empathy training in postgraduate and or undergraduate nurses. The included studies incorporated both qualitative and quantitative methods and were published in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were ranked for level of evidence according to The Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. Seventeen studies from the literature review were found that met the inclusion criteria. Of the 17 studies, 11 reported statistically significant improvements in empathy scores versus six studies that did not. Several variables may affect empathy education that need to be accounted in future studies such as; gender, cultural values and clinical speciality experience. Models of education that show most promise are those that use experiential styles of learning. The studies reviewed demonstrated that it is possible to increase nurses' empathic ability.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Lat Am Enfermagem
                Rev Lat Am Enfermagem
                rlae
                Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
                Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo
                0104-1169
                1518-8345
                12 August 2020
                2020
                : 28
                : e3333
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
                [2 ]Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Martir”, Valencia, Spain.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Vicente Javier Prado-Gascó E-mail: vicente.prado@ 123456uv.es

                Associate Editor: Andrea Bernardes

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2095-8836
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3430-1330
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-2186
                Article
                00383
                10.1590/1518-8345.3286.3333
                7426143
                32813778
                a14329b2-3b01-4c64-b3ca-99e067c04923
                Copyright © 2020 Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 26 July 2019
                : 13 April 2020
                Categories
                Original Article

                communication,contracts,emotional intelligence,empathy,nursing service, hospital,comunicação,contratos,inteligência emocional,empatia,serviço hospitalar de enfermagem,comunicación,inteligencia emocional,empatía,servicio de enfermería en hospital

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