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      Estudio de la angiogénesis como factor pronóstico de los tumores vesicales pT1G3 Translated title: Study of the angiogenesis as prognostic factor of pT1G3 bladder tumours

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La actividad angiogénica ha sido considerada como factor pronóstico en diversos tumores sólidos. Podemos analizarla de dos formas: determinación inmunohistoquímica de moléculas activadoras/ inhibidoras de la angiogénesis y cuantificación de la densidad microvascular (DM). Nuestro objetivo es determinar en tumores vesicales pT1G3, el valor de la inmunohistoquímica del Vascular Endotelial Growth Factor (VEGF) y de la DM como factores pronóstico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 83 tumores vesicales pT1G3 con un seguimiento mínimo de 3 años. Analizamos la expresión del VEGF utilizando el Ac. monoclonal AbNo.360P. Para determinar la DM, marcamos los vasos (Ac.-FVIII) y cuantificamos el número de microvasos mediante un analizador digital de imagen, excluyendo aquellos que sobrepasan las 50 micras de diámetro. Correlacionamos los hallazgos con la recidiva, progresión y supervivencia, mediante tablas de contingencia (Chi-cuadrado) y curvas de Kaplan-Meier (Log-rank). RESULTADOS: El tiempo medio de seguimiento ha sido de 58 ± 28 meses. El análisis Chi-cuadrado no muestra correlación ni con la recidiva ni con la supervivencia, pero si con la progresión: p(VEGF): 0,048, p(DM): 0,021. Las curvas de Kaplan-Meier determinan diferencias significativas únicamente en el tiempo libre de progresión respecto de la DM (p:0,038). CONCLUSIONES: La DM podría considerarse como factor pronóstico de progresión en base a estos resultados. No obstante son necesarios más estudios y un análisis multivariante que determine su aplicación clínica en este grupo de tumores de alto riesgo.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Angiogenic activity has been considered like prognostic factor in several solid tumors. This activity can be analysed by two ways: immunohistochemical determination of molecules that activate/inhibit angiogenesis or quantitive measure of microvascular density (MD). Our objective is to determine the prognostic value of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Microvascular Density (MD) in pT1G3 bladder tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have studied retrospectively 83 patients with pT1G3 tumors treated by TUR + endovesical instillations with a follow up of 3 years at least. We analysed VEGF expression monoclonal antibody Nº 360P. To determine MD we have marked vessels with FVIII antibody and detected "hot spots" areas. The number of microvessels is quantited by a digital image analyser excluding those that have more than 50 micras of diameter. We established the correlation of these findings with recurrence, progression and survival by using Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank). RESULTS: Average follow up was 58 ± months. We have established like cut-off 50% of tumor cells (VEGF) and 30 microvessels/fields (MD). Chi-square test did not show correlation with survival neither recurrence but it was positive for progression p(VEGF) 0.048 and p(DM) 0.021. Kaplan Meier curves determined significative differences only for free of progression time respect to MD (p 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find statistically significant value for recurrence nor survival. Just MD reached prognostic value for progression. More studies and multivariant analysis are required to determine the clinical utility of MD, specially in order to make more aggressive therapeutic options in this kind of patients.

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          Most cited references58

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          Regulation by vascular endothelial growth factor of human colon cancer tumorigenesis in a mouse model of experimental liver metastasis.

          To investigate the relationship between angiogenesis and hepatic tumorigenesis, we examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 8 human colon carcinoma cell lines and in 30 human colorectal cancer liver metastases. Abundant message for VEGF was found in all tumors, localized to the malignant cells within each neoplasm. Two receptors for VEGF, KDR and flt1, were also demonstrated in most of the tumors examined. KDR and flt1 mRNA were limited to tumor endothelial cells and were more strongly expressed in the hepatic metastases than in the sinusoidal endothelium of the surrounding liver parenchyma. VEGF monoclonal antibody administration in tumor-bearing athymic mice led to a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of subcutaneous xenografts and to a marked reduction in the number and size of experimental liver metastases. In hepatic metastases of VEGF antibody-treated mice, neither blood vessels nor expression of the mouse KDR homologue flk-1 could be demonstrated. These data indicate that VEGF is a commonly expressed angiogenic factor in human colorectal cancer metastases, that VEGF receptors are up-regulated as a concomitant of hepatic tumorigenesis, and that modulation of VEGF gene expression or activity may represent a potentially effective antineoplastic therapy in colorectal cancer.
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            Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastric carcinoma.

            Many studies have shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Recently, several angiogenic factors have been identified. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is thought to be one such angiogenic factor and is also thought to be a selective mitogen for endothelial cells. We investigated the correlation between the expression of VEGF and the progression of gastric carcinoma. One hundred twenty-nine specimens resected from patients with gastric carcinoma were investigated by staining with a polyclonal antibody against VEGF. Correlations between the expression of VEGF, microvessel density, and various clincopathologic factors were studied. Microvessel density, determined by immunostaining for Factor VIII related antigen, was significantly higher in VEGF-positive tumors than in VEGF-negative tumors. VEGF positivity was correlated with vessel involvement, lymph node metastasis, and liver metastasis. Moreover, patients with VEGF-positive tumors had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with VEGF-negative tumors. Multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of VEGF is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. According to the mode of recurrence, the frequency of hepatic metastases was significantly increased among patients with VEGF-positive tumors. The expression of VEGF may be a good prognostic indicator for patients with gastric carcinoma and may also be useful as a predictor of the mode of recurrence in patients with gastric carcinoma.
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              Halting angiogenesis suppresses carcinoma cell invasion.

              The importance of angiogenesis in malignant tumor growth has been interpreted mainly in terms of oxygen and nutrient supply. Here we demonstrate its fundamental role for tumor invasion of malignant human keratinocytes in surface transplants on nude mice. Distinct patterns of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) expression allowed us to distinguish between benign and malignant cells. Functional inactivation of VEGF-R2 by a blocking antibody disrupted ongoing angiogenesis and prevented invasion of malignant cells, without reducing tumor cell proliferation. The reversion of a malignant into a benign phenotype by halting angiogenesis demonstrates a significant function of vascular endothelium for tumor invasion.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aue
                Actas Urológicas Españolas
                Actas Urol Esp
                Asociación Española de Urología (Madrid )
                0210-4806
                September 2004
                : 28
                : 8
                : 594-601
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Universitario La Fe
                [2 ] Hospital Universitario La Fe
                Article
                S0210-48062004000800006
                10.4321/s0210-48062004000800006
                a1219f5b-845b-42b9-9c67-6a1e48c4469e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

                Urology
                Angiogenesis,Microvascular density (MD),Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),Angiogénesis,Densidad microvascular (DM),Factor crecimiento del endotelio vascular (VEGF)

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