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      Mediating and moderating effects of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between social media addiction and phubbing

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          Abstract

          Presently, social media is widely used worldwide among different populations. Therefore, phubbing rapidly became a popular phenomenon in our daily life. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and interaction between social media use and phubbing. Therefore, this research examines the mediating and moderating role of cognitive flexibility in the association between social media addiction and phubbing. Participants were 385 university students (280 females) studying at a state university in eastern Turkey and completed the self-reported measures of cognitive flexibility, social media addiction, and phubbing. The results showed that cognitive flexibility mediated and moderated the effect of social media addiction on phubbing. These findings may contribute to the discussion around the psychological consequences of using social media alongside increasing awareness about factors affecting and explaining the association between social media use and phubbing, which have important implications for research and practice.

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          World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

          (2013)
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            The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

            Reuben M. Baron, David A Kenny (1986)
            In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.
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              Executive Functions

              Adele Diamond (2013)
              Executive functions (EFs) make possible mentally playing with ideas; taking the time to think before acting; meeting novel, unanticipated challenges; resisting temptations; and staying focused. Core EFs are inhibition [response inhibition (self-control—resisting temptations and resisting acting impulsively) and interference control (selective attention and cognitive inhibition)], working memory, and cognitive flexibility (including creatively thinking “outside the box,” seeing anything from different perspectives, and quickly and flexibly adapting to changed circumstances). The developmental progression and representative measures of each are discussed. Controversies are addressed (e.g., the relation between EFs and fluid intelligence, self-regulation, executive attention, and effortful control, and the relation between working memory and inhibition and attention). The importance of social, emotional, and physical health for cognitive health is discussed because stress, lack of sleep, loneliness, or lack of exercise each impair EFs. That EFs are trainable and can be improved with practice is addressed, including diverse methods tried thus far.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Murat Yıldırım:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-1380
                muratyildirim@agri.edu.tr , muratyildirimphd@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Psychol
                Title: Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.j.)
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 1046-1310
                ISSN (Electronic): 1936-4733
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 January 2023
                Pages: 1-12
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411703.0, ISNI 0000000121646335, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, ; Van, Turkey
                [2 ]GRID grid.448590.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 2543, Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University, ; Ağrı, Turkey
                [3 ]GRID grid.448590.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 2543, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, , Agrı Ibrahim Cecen University, ; Erzurum Yolu 4 Km 04100, Merkez, Ağrı, Turkey
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-4988
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-6335
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2933-0161
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-1380
                Article
                Publisher ID: 4242
                DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04242-8
                PMC ID: 9871432
                PubMed ID: 36713623
                SO-VID: a0ca4a37-9d35-45b5-a90a-99b2fe825d2e
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date accepted : 5 January 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: social media addiction,phubbing,cognitive flexibility,mediation effect,moderation effect
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: social media addiction, phubbing, cognitive flexibility, mediation effect, moderation effect

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