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      Beliefs about Binge Eating: Psychometric Properties of the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ-18) in Eating Disorder, Obese, and Community Samples

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          Abstract

          Binge eating is a core diagnostic feature of bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa binge/purge type, and is a common feature of “other specified” and “unspecified” feeding and eating disorders. It has been suggested that specific metacognitive beliefs about food, eating, and binge eating may play a key role in the maintenance of binge eating behaviour. The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ-18) provides a brief self-report assessment tool measuring three types of metacognitive beliefs: negative, positive, and permissive beliefs about food and eating. This study aimed to build on past research by validating the factor structure and psychometric properties of the EBQ-18 using both a clinical and non-clinical sample. A sample of 688 participants ( n = 498 non-clinical participants, n = 161 participants seeking treatment for an eating disorder , and n = 29 participants seeking treatment for obesity) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the EBQ-18 and other measures of eating disorder symptoms and relevant constructs. A subset of 100 non-clinical participants completed the test battery again after an interval of two-weeks, and 38 clinical participants completed the EBQ-18 before and after receiving psychological treatment for their eating disorder. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and psychometric properties of this measure were assessed. The results of this study provide support for the three-factor model of the EBQ-18. In addition, the EBQ-18 was found to be a valid and reliable measure, with excellent internal consistency, good test-retest reliability in the non-clinical sample, and also demonstrated evidence of sensitivity to treatment in clinical samples with binge eating pathology. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to identify optimal cut-off scores for the EBQ-18. This study provides valuable information about the utility of the EBQ-18 as a measure for use in both clinical and research settings.

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          The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

          J A Hanley, B J McNeil, Marnix van Holsbeeck (1982)
          A representation and interpretation of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained by the "rating" method, or by mathematical predictions based on patient characteristics, is presented. It is shown that in such a setting the area represents the probability that a randomly chosen diseased subject is (correctly) rated or ranked with greater suspicion than a randomly chosen non-diseased subject. Moreover, this probability of a correct ranking is the same quantity that is estimated by the already well-studied nonparametric Wilcoxon statistic. These two relationships are exploited to (a) provide rapid closed-form expressions for the approximate magnitude of the sampling variability, i.e., standard error that one uses to accompany the area under a smoothed ROC curve, (b) guide in determining the size of the sample required to provide a sufficiently reliable estimate of this area, and (c) determine how large sample sizes should be to ensure that one can statistically detect differences in the accuracy of diagnostic techniques.
          Article 0 comments Cited 3979 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Estimation of the Youden Index and its associated cutoff point.

            Ronen Fluss, David Faraggi, Benjamin Reiser (2005)
            The Youden Index is a frequently used summary measure of the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. It both, measures the effectiveness of a diagnostic marker and enables the selection of an optimal threshold value (cutoff point) for the marker. In this paper we compare several estimation procedures for the Youden Index and its associated cutoff point. These are based on (1) normal assumptions; (2) transformations to normality; (3) the empirical distribution function; (4) kernel smoothing. These are compared in terms of bias and root mean square error in a large variety of scenarios by means of an extensive simulation study. We find that the empirical method which is the most commonly used has the overall worst performance. In the estimation of the Youden Index the kernel is generally the best unless the data can be well transformed to achieve normality whereas in estimation of the optimal threshold value results are more variable.
            Article 0 comments Cited 440 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Eating Disorder Behaviors Are Increasing: Findings from Two Sequential Community Surveys in South Australia

              Phillipa J Hay, Jonathan Mond, Petra Buttner … (2008)
              Background Evidence for an increase in the prevalence of eating disorders is inconsistent. Our aim was to determine change in the population point prevalence of eating disorder behaviors over a 10-year period. Methodology/Principal Findings Eating disorder behaviors were assessed in consecutive general population surveys of men and women conducted in 1995 (n = 3001, 72% respondents) and 2005 (n = 3047, 63.1% respondents). Participants were randomly sampled from households in rural and metropolitan South Australia. There was a significant (all p<0.01) and over two-fold increase in the prevalence of binge eating, purging (self-induced vomiting and/or laxative or diuretic misuse) and strict dieting or fasting for weight or shape control among both genders. The most common diagnosis in 2005 was either binge eating disorder or other “eating disorders not otherwise specified” (EDNOS; n = 119, 4.2%). Conclusions/Significance In this population sample the point prevalence of eating disorder behaviors increased over the past decade. Cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as currently defined, remain uncommon.
              Article 0 comments Cited 91 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients
                Title: Nutrients
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 September 2018
                Publication date Collection: September 2018
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1306
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; amy.burton@ 123456sydney.edu.au (A.L.B.); brooke.donnelly@ 123456health.nsw.gov.au (B.D.); janice.russell@ 123456sydney.edu.au (J.R.); drjessicaswinbourne@ 123456gmail.com (J.S.); stephen.touyz@ 123456sydney.edu.au (S.T.); maree.abbott@ 123456sydney.edu.au (M.J.A.)
                [2 ]Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; chrisb@ 123456bastenpsychology.com.au
                [3 ]School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; p.hay@ 123456westernsydney.edu.au
                [4 ]The Peter Beumont Eating Disorder Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
                [5 ]The Redleaf Practice, Wahroonga, NSW 2076, Australia; chris.thornton@ 123456theredleafpractice.com
                [6 ]Mandy Goldstein Psychology, Bondi Junction, NSW 2022, Australia; mandy.goldstein@ 123456mgpsych.com
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-6442
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-7937
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-6856
                Article
                Publisher ID: nutrients-10-01306
                DOI: 10.3390/nu10091306
                PMC ID: 6165353
                PubMed ID: 30223500
                SO-VID: a0821dc8-ba57-4f8c-a55e-aad52af23dca
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 August 2018
                Date accepted : 12 September 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: binge eating,questionnaire,psychometric,eating disorders,obesity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: binge eating, questionnaire, psychometric, eating disorders, obesity

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