Condiciones de trabajo y su relación con la calidad del cuidado y salud del profesional de enfermería

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Abstract

Objetivo: identificar las condiciones de trabajo y su relación con la calidad del cuidado y la salud física y mental del profesional de enfermería. Método: revisión sistematizada de la literatura de artículos originales de investigación cualitativa. Resultados: condiciones de trabajo identificadas: sobrecarga laboral, carencia de insumos o mala calidad de estos, salarios insatisfactorios y número de profesionales de enfermería inadecuados a la demanda. Respecto a su relación con la calidad del cuidado: falta de tiempo para comunicarse con los pacientes, para educarlos, delegación del cuidado, improvisación e interrupción del cuidado. En cuanto a la salud física y mental del profesional de enfermería, se reportó: estrés, insatisfacción laboral y dolores corporales. Conclusiones: El profesional de enfermería presenta condiciones de trabajo adversas que pueden influir en la calidad del cuidado que otorga y en su propia salud.

Translated abstract

Objective: to identify the working conditions and their relation to caring quality, physical and mental health of professional nurses. Method: a systematic literature review of original articles of qualitative research. Results: working conditions identified: work overload, lack of inputs or input's poor quality, unsatisfactory wages and a deficient number of nurses for the demand. Concerning the relation with the care quality it is remarkable: lack of time for interacting with patients, to teach them, to delegate work, to make an improvisation and an interruption of the caring process. In terms of physical and mental nurses' health, stress, job dissatisfaction and body aches were reported. Conclusions: the professional nursing service have adverse working conditions that can not only influence in the given care quality but in their own health.

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Most cited references 41

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Effects of hospital care environment on patient mortality and nurse outcomes.

Linda Aiken, Sean P. Clarke, Douglas Sloane … (2008)

The objective of this study was to analyze the net effects of nurse practice environments on nurse and patient outcomes after accounting for nurse staffing and education. Staffing and education have well-documented associations with patient outcomes, but evidence on the effect of care environments on outcomes has been more limited. Data from 10,184 nurses and 232,342 surgical patients in 168 Pennsylvania hospitals were analyzed. Care environments were measured using the practice environment scales of the Nursing Work Index. Outcomes included nurse job satisfaction, burnout, intent to leave, and reports of quality of care, as well as mortality and failure to rescue in patients. Nurses reported more positive job experiences and fewer concerns with care quality, and patients had significantly lower risks of death and failure to rescue in hospitals with better care environments. Care environment elements must be optimized alongside nurse staffing and education to achieve high quality of care.

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Nurses' widespread job dissatisfaction, burnout, and frustration with health benefits signal problems for patient care.

Linda Aiken, Jeannie Cimiotti, Douglas Sloane … (2011)

Job dissatisfaction among nurses contributes to costly labor disputes, turnover, and risk to patients. Examining survey data from 95,499 nurses, we found much higher job dissatisfaction and burnout among nurses who were directly caring for patients in hospitals and nursing homes than among nurses working in other jobs or settings, such as the pharmaceutical industry. Strikingly, nurses are particularly dissatisfied with their health benefits, which highlights the need for a benefits review to make nurses' benefits more comparable to those of other white-collar employees. Patient satisfaction levels are lower in hospitals with more nurses who are dissatisfied or burned out-a finding that signals problems with quality of care. Improving nurses' working conditions may improve both nurses' and patients' satisfaction as well as the quality of care.