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      Estrategias y técnicas didácticas de la relación numérica docente - estudiante en Anatomía Humana Translated title: Teaching strategies and techniques of the numerical relationship teacher-student in Human Anatomy

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          Abstract

          Introducción: las estrategias y técnicas didácticas se fundamentan en la misión institucional, como herramientas del proceso pedagógico. En la cátedra de Anatomía Humana, el docente, es responsable de seleccionarlas; considerando: estrategias y técnicas de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La asignatura, se divide en: componente teórico y práctico. Objetivo: identificar las estrategias y técnicas didácticas aplicadas en las tres escuelas de medicina A, B, C; dentro de la relación numérica docente /estudiante, durante el periodo 2005-2009. Materiales y Métodos: la información se recolectó mediante un cuestionario, administrado a 296 estudiantes activos, de la carrera de doctorado en medicina y 15 docentes laborando en el departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas (Anatomía) de las tres escuelas de medicina: A, B, C de El Salvador. Las estrategias de enseñanza identificadas: objetivos (72.89%) y manual guía (100%). La técnica de enseñanza que predominó en el componente teórico fue la clase magistral (59.98%). En el componente práctico, se aplica la técnica grupal con supervisión, (100%). Resultados: la estrategia de aprendizaje, en los componentes teórico y práctico: Recirculación de la información (48.47%). Técnica de aprendizaje, componente teórico: toma de apuntes (42.48%). Componente práctico: repaso con repetición (46.82%). Relación numérica docente/estudiante: Escuela A, 1/11; Escuela B, 1/44; Escuela C, 1/34. Conclusiones: dentro del entorno de la relación numérica, las estrategias y técnicas didácticas, aplicadas por los docentes, en las tres instituciones; son estáticas y responden a un modelo educativo tradicional, representativo de una educación masiva.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: strategies and techniques are based by the institutional mission, as tools of pedagogic process. In the chair of Human Anatomy, the teacher is responsible for selecting them; considering strategies and technics teaching and learning. The subject is divided: theoretical and practical component. Objective: To identify strategies and teaching techniques applied in the three medical schools within the teacher / student numerical ratio during the period 2005-2009. Materials and Methods: The information was collected through a questionnaire administered to 296 active students, career doctorate in medicine and 15 teachers of the Department of Morphological Sciences (Anatomy) from three medical schools: A, B, C of El Salvador. Result: teaching strategies identified: objectives (72.89%) and manual guide (100%). Teaching technique that prevailed in the theoretical component was the master class (59.98%). In the practical component, group monitoring technique is applied (100%). The learning strategy, in the theoretical and practical components: Recirculation of information (48.47%). Learning technique, theoretical component: notetaking (42.48%). Practical component: review with repetition (46.82%). Numeric relationship teacher / student: school A, 1/11; School B, 1/44; School C, 1/34. Conclusions: within the environment of the numerical relationship, strategies and teaching-learning techniques applied by the teacher, are statics in the three institutions and respond to a representative of a mass education.

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          Las estrategias de aprendizaje en el Educación Médica Superior

          Uno de los retos de la universidad actual lo constituye el hecho de formar profesionales con las habilidades para aprender a aprender, de manera tal que puedan enfrentar con éxito los acelerados cambios tecnológicos. La educación médica superior, con las características de su didáctica especial, ofrece al docente múltiples posibilidades de desarrollar las estrategias de aprendizaje concebidas como instrumentos flexibles que integran diferentes procedimientos a fin de conformar aprendizajes más funcionales y con mejores posibilidades de ser transferidos a otras situaciones. El presente trabajo plantea un análisis del término en investigaciones precedentes y valora las potencialidades que tiene la enseñanza en el contexto universitario de las Ciencias de la Salud para aplicarlas de manera que se incida en la formación integral del estudiante.
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            Estrategias docentes para un aprendizaje significativo. Una interpretación constructivista

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              Constructivist Pedagogic Method Used in the Teaching of Human Anatomy

              This study aimed to demonstrate that the learning in the discipline of human anatomy is more significant with the use of a constructivist pedagogic methodology in relation to traditional teaching, enabling students to the effective construction of knowledge. Practical lessons in human anatomy were given for students from first semesters of the Physical Education course, Federal University of Goiás, using a constructivist methodology for the teaching of the Digestive System. The students were divided into 5 groups containing 7 students each. Each group used the class guide prepared by teachers, containing the structures to be studied, in addition to textbook and Anatomy Atlas. The data were analyzed using the Graph pad prism software (version 5.00) and submitted to testing for comparison of means (t test at 5% probability). The use of the new constructivist pedagogic methodology facilitated the learning for most students (80.65%) and 61.29% rated their learning as good. There was an increase in the time of permanence in the classroom, in the participation in practical classes and in the consultation to bibliographies recommended. About 64.51% of students felt that the practical lessons contributed to a better learning and most students (90.31%) considered their participation in the practical classes more active. In conclusion, the use of constructivist pedagogic methodology in teaching human anatomy facilitated the learning by the students involved in this work, making it more significant when compared to the traditional methodology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rme
                Revista Médica Electrónica
                Rev.Med.Electrón.
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas (Matanzas, , Cuba )
                1684-1824
                August 2017
                : 39
                : 4
                : 894-905
                Affiliations
                [01] San Salvador orgnameFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador El Salvador
                Article
                S1684-18242017000400005 S1684-1824(17)03900400005
                9fea87ab-1285-4942-87f0-508aec0a4f48

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 July 2017
                : 31 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                enseñanza y aprendizaje,relación numérica docente-estudiante,teaching-learning strategies and techniques,teacher / student numerical relationship,estrategias y técnicas didácticas

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