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      The rising prevalence of obesity: part A: impact on public health

      review-article
      Author(s): , BSc(Hons), MSc, MPH a , , MBBS, MSc, Oxf, MRCSEng, FRSPH b ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: International Journal of Surgery. Oncology
      Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
      Keywords: Obesity, Overweight, Public health

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          Abstract

          Excessive fat accumulation in the body may impair health leading to a significant long-term health consequences including the development of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and osteoarthritis as well as increasing the risk of developing certain cancers and influencing their outcomes. England has some of the worst figures and trends in obesity compared with the rest of the Europe. In the majority of European countries the trend has increased from 10% to 40% in the last 10 years, whereas in England prevalence has more than doubled. This article outlines the public health impact of rising obesity levels.

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          Obesity and central obesity as risk factors for incident dementia and its subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Y Wang, H Beydoun (2008)
          While dementia affects 6-10% of persons 65 years or older, industrialized countries have witnessed an alarming rise in obesity. However, obesity's influence on dementia remains poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. PUBMED search (1995-2007) resulted in 10 relevant prospective cohort studies of older adults (40-80 years at baseline) with end points being dementia and predictors including adiposity measures, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). There was a significant U-shaped association between BMI and dementia (P = 0.034), with dementia risk increased for obesity and underweight. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for underweight, overweight and obesity compared with normal weight in relation to incident dementia were: 1.36 (1.07, 1.73), 0.88 (0.60, 1.27) and 1.42 (0.93, 2.18) respectively. Pooled ORs and 95% CI for obesity and incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia were 1.80 (1.00, 3.29) vs. 1.73 (0.47, 6.31) and were stronger in studies with long follow-up (>10 years) and young baseline age (<60 years). Weight gain and high WC or skin-fold thickness increased risks of dementia in all included studies. The meta-analysis shows a moderate association between obesity and the risks for dementia and AD. Future studies are needed to understand optimal weight and biological mechanisms.
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            Associations of weight-based teasing and emotional well-being among adolescents.

            Marla E Eisenberg, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, Mary Story (2003)
            Verbal harassment, such as bullying and hate speech, has received considerable attention recently, but less is known about weight-based teasing and its potential harmful effects on young people's psychosocial well-being. To determine the associations of weight-based teasing and body satisfaction, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts using a large sample of adolescents. Secondary analysis of survey and anthropometric data. Ethnically and socioeconomically diverse communities in the urban and suburban school districts of the Minneapolis/St Paul metropolitan area. A school-based sample of 4746 adolescents in grades 7 to 12 at 31 public middle schools and high schools. Weight-based teasing from peers or family members, body satisfaction, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Of the eligible students, 81.5% participated; 30.0% of adolescent girls and 24.7% of adolescent boys were teased by peers, and 28.7% of adolescent girls and 16.1% of adolescent boys were teased by family members. Approximately 14.6% of adolescent girls and 9.6% of adolescent boys reported teasing from both of these sources. Teasing about body weight was consistently associated with low body satisfaction, low self-esteem, high depressive symptoms, and thinking about and attempting suicide, even after controlling for actual body weight. These associations held for adolescent boys and girls, across racial, ethnic, and weight groups. Furthermore, teasing from 2 sources was associated with a higher prevalence of emotional health problems than either teasing from a single source or no teasing. Physicians and other health care providers should recognize the importance of weight-based teasing for young patients. Policy, programs, and education should focus on increasing awareness of what constitutes weight-based teasing, its potentially harmful effects on adolescents' emotional well-being, and reduction of this behavior.
            Article 0 comments Cited 134 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Disability as a Public Health Outcome in the Aging Population

              Jack Guralnik, Linda P Fried, Marcel E. Salive (1996)
              Improvements in life expectancy in the twentieth century have resulted from major declines in mortality at younger ages, but it is less well recognized that mortality declines at older ages have also played a substantial role in prolonging expectation of life. A person reaching age 65 in 1900 could expect to live an additional 11.9 years. Life expectancy at age 65 rose to 14.4 years by 1960 and then increased by about three years in the next three decades, reaching 17.5 years in 1992 (56, 70). As a greater proportion of the population survives to very old ages, the public health impact of the burden of disease and disability and related utilization of medical care and need for supportive and long-term care has become an important concern. In particular, the ability of the older person to function independently in the community is a critically important public health issue. A growing body of research in the last decade has addressed the measurement of disability, factors related to its onset, consequences of disability, and the potential for preventive interventions. This article summarizes the state of the art in these areas and discusses their public health relevance.
              Article 0 comments Cited 87 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Surg Oncol (N Y)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Surg Oncol (N Y)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJ9
                Title: International Journal of Surgery. Oncology
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer
                ISSN (Electronic): 2471-3864
                Publication date (Print): August 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 June 2017
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 7
                Page: e17
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Primary Care and Public Health, King’s College London
                [b ]Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Address: Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, SE1 7EH, London, UK. E-mail address: mail@ 123456riazagha.com (R. Agha)
                Article
                Accession ID: 00002
                DOI: 10.1097/IJ9.0000000000000017
                PMC ID: 5673154
                PubMed ID: 29177227
                SO-VID: 9f707aa4-fe14-4629-a154-ef20e8359032
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Subject: Review Articles
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                Keywords: obesity,overweight,public health
                Data availability:
                Keywords: obesity, overweight, public health

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