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      Resistance and virulence determinants of faecal Salmonella spp. isolated from slaughter animals in Benin

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Salmonella spp. are one of the leading foodborne pathogens worldwide naturally found in the intestines of many animals. People that are in direct contact with the infected animals or their cages may become ill. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antibiogram and virulence genes associated with Salmonella serovars from fecal samples of animals intended for consumption in Southern Benin.

          Results

          Out of a total of 406 samples, 2.46% were positive. The isolates identified were multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. to penicillins, first generation cephalosporins and some aminoglycosides. All Salmonella isolates produced invA gene of 284 bp, fimA of 85 bp and stn of 260 bp. The spvC gene (571 bp) was present in 10% of the isolates whereas the spvR gene (310 bp) was found in 20% of the isolates. The control strain possessed all the tested genes. The invA gene implies that strains are able to invade epithelial cells. The fimA and stn genes present in all isolates show that they are capable of causing gastrointestinal illness in humans. The presence of spvC and spvR genes suggests the possibility of these strains to produce toxins.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4341-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Effect of community-based behaviour change management on neonatal mortality in Shivgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

          Vishwajeet Kumar, Saroj Mohanty, Aarti Kumar … (2008)
          In rural India, most births take place in the home, where high-risk care practices are common. We developed an intervention of behaviour change management, with a focus on prevention of hypothermia, aimed at modifying practices and reducing neonatal mortality. We did a cluster-randomised controlled efficacy trial in Shivgarh, a rural area in Uttar Pradesh. 39 village administrative units (population 104,123) were allocated to one of three groups: a control group, which received the usual services of governmental and non-governmental organisations in the area; an intervention group, which received a preventive package of interventions for essential newborn care (birth preparedness, clean delivery and cord care, thermal care [including skin-to-skin care], breastfeeding promotion, and danger sign recognition); or another intervention group, which received the package of essential newborn care plus use of a liquid crystal hypothermia indicator (ThermoSpot). In the intervention clusters, community health workers delivered the packages via collective meetings and two antenatal and two postnatal household visitations. Outcome measures included changes in newborn-care practices and neonatal mortality rate compared with the control group. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered as International Standard Randomised Control Trial, number NCT00198653. Improvements in birth preparedness, hygienic delivery, thermal care (including skin-to-skin care), umbilical cord care, skin care, and breastfeeding were seen in intervention arms. There was little change in care-seeking. Compared with controls, neonatal mortality rate was reduced by 54% in the essential newborn-care intervention (rate ratio 0.46 [95% CI 0.35-0.60], p<0.0001) and by 52% in the essential newborn care plus ThermoSpot arm (0.48 [95% CI 0.35-0.66], p<0.0001). A socioculturally contextualised, community-based intervention, targeted at high-risk newborn-care practices, can lead to substantial behavioural modification and reduction in neonatal mortality. This approach can be applied to behaviour change along the continuum of care, harmonise vertical interventions, and build community capacity for sustained development. USAID and Save the Children-US through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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            Supplement 2003-2007 (No. 47) to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme.

            Martine Guibourdenche, Peter Roggentin, Matthew Mikoleit … (2010)
            This supplement reports the characterization of 70 new Salmonella serovars recognized between 2003 and 2007 by the WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 44 were assigned to Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, 11 to subspecies salamae, 5 to subspecies arizonae, 8 to subspecies diarizonae, one to subspecies houtenae and one to Salmonella bongori. One new serovar, Mygdal, displayed a new H factor, H:z(91). Copyright 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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              So similar, yet so different: uncovering distinctive features in the genomes of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Typhi.

              Sébastien Sabbagh, Chantal G Forest, Christine Lepage … (2010)
              Salmonella enterica represents a major human and animal pathogen. Many S. enterica genomes have been completed and many more genome sequencing projects are underway, constituting an excellent resource for comparative genome analysis studies leading to a better understanding of bacterial evolution and pathogenesis. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Typhi are the best-characterized serovars, with the first being involved in localized gastroenteritis in many hosts and the latter causing a systemic human-specific disease. Here, we summarize the major genetic differences between the two different serovars. We detail the divergent repertoires of the virulence factors responsible for the pathogenesis of the organisms and that ultimately result in the distinct clinical outcomes of infection. This comparative genomic overview highlights hypotheses for future investigations on S. enterica pathogenesis and the basis of host specificity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Esther Deguenon: mixesther2009@yahoo.fr
                Victorien Dougnon:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-7299
                00 229 97 73 64 46 , victorien88@hotmail.com
                Evelyne Lozes: lozes56@yahoo.fr
                Nana Maman: chabbertnana@yahoo.fr
                Jerrold Agbankpe: agbankpe.jerrold@gmail.com
                Roula M. Abdel-Massih: roula.abdelmassih@balamand.edu.lb
                Fidélia Djegui: djegui_fidelia@yahoo.fr
                Lamine Baba-Moussa: laminesaid@yahoo.fr
                Jacques Dougnon: dougnonj@yahoo.fr
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes
                Title: BMC Research Notes
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 June 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 7 June 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 317
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0382 0205, GRID grid.412037.3, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, , University of Abomey-Calavi, ; 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0382 0205, GRID grid.412037.3, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, , University of Abomey-Calavi, UAC, ; 05 PO Box 1604, Cotonou, Benin
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2288 0342, GRID grid.33070.37, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, , University of Balamand, ; El-Koura, Lebanon
                [4 ]Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis and Serosurveillance of Parakou, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Parakou, Benin
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-7299
                Article
                Publisher ID: 4341
                DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4341-x
                PMC ID: 6556020
                PubMed ID: 31174590
                SO-VID: 9f2f7709-684c-4aec-a1fd-f895c3fe649c
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 16 March 2019
                Date accepted : 23 May 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002222, The World Academy of Sciences;
                Award ID: 487RG/BIO/AF/AC_G-FR3240293303
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001689, The Academy of Sciences for the Developing World;
                Award ID: F.R. 3240300824
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Research Note
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: salmonella,virulence genes,multidrug resistance
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: salmonella, virulence genes, multidrug resistance

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