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      The use of actometry and electronic nose devices to assess the locomotor activity of two species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) Translated title: Utilización de actómetros y nariz electrónica, para evaluar la actividad locomotriz de dos Coccinellidae (Coleoptera)

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          Abstract

          The effect of odor signals on the locomotor activity of Cycloneda sanguinea and Harmonia axyridis was evaluated using two different actometric devices. The purpose of the analysis was to differentiate between the responses elicited by direct contact with the substrates and the responses that occurred if the coccinellids were exposed only to volátiles and had no direct substrate contact. The odor profile of the environmental volátiles (semiochemicals) in the bioassays was analyzed using an electronic nose (Modular Sensor System Moses II). The treatments used included volatiles emitted by pepper leaves (healthy or infested with Myzus persicae), M. persicae molts and honeydew, and healthy leaves treated with an artificial inducer of the systemic acquired response to herbivory (AISAR). The results suggest that a specific stimulus linked to aphid-host interaction would trigger a distinctive locomotor activity pattern in H. axyridis, with or without any contact with the aphids or the host plant. In contrast, C. sanguinea was not able to differentiate between volatiles from infested or uninfected pepper leaves or to distinguish these volatiles from clean filter paper (control). If C. sanguinea was in contact with aphid-infested pepper leaves (regardless of the previous prey density), it moved slowly and scanned the area exhaustively; H. axyridis showed significantly reduced locomotor activity when it was in contact with aphid-infested pepper leaves or aphid molts and honeydew, all reliable signals of the presence of a food source. In both species, treatment with Actigard (AISAR: Acibenzolar-S-methyl) failed to evoke the behavioral response observed in the treatment with aphid-infested pepper plants. The study also demonstrated that the E-nose can differentiate among blends of volatiles released from cut healthy or aphid-infested pepper leaves.

          Translated abstract

          El efecto de los semioquímicos volátiles en la actividad locomotriz de Cycloneda sanguinea y Harmonia axyridis fue evaluado mediante el empleo de dos actómetros, a fin de estudiar cambios en las respuestas de los coccinélidos en contacto directo con los sustratos y los expuestos solamente a las sustancias volátiles. El perfil de volátiles implícitos en los bioensayos se analizaron mediante una nariz electrónica (Modular Sensor System Moisés II). Los tratamientos incluyeron el uso de los compuestos volátiles emitidos por hojas de pimiento sanas o infestadas conMyzus persicae, excretas de M. persicae, hojas sanas tratadas con Actigard (Acibenzolar-S-methyl). Los resultados del presente estudio sugieren que un estímulo específico vinculado a la interacción áfido-hospedero desencadenó un patrón de actividad locomotriz distintivo en H. axyridis, estando en contacto, o no, con la planta hospedera. En cambio, C. sanguinea no mostró cambios significativos en sus patrones de comportamiento ante la exposición a los volátiles. Una vez que C. sanguinea estuvo en contacto con hojas infestadas (independientemente de la densidad de áfidos), se movió lentamente, examinando exhaustivamente la zona. H. axyridis mostró una reducción significativa de la actividad locomotriz cuando estuvo en contacto con las hojas de pimiento infestadas o excretas de áfidos, actuando éstas como señales de una fuente confiable de alimento. El tratamiento con Actigard no evocó, en ambas especies de Coccinellidae, la misma respuesta comportamental que las plantas de pimiento infestadas con áfidos. Además, se demuestra que la nariz electrónica es capaz de diferenciar entre las mezclas de volátiles liberados de hojas de pimiento sanas o infestadas con áfidos.

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          Most cited references55

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          Ecology of Infochemical Use by Natural Enemies in a Tritrophic Context

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            Biostatitical Analysis

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              How caterpillar-damaged plants protect themselves by attracting parasitic wasps.

              Parasitic and predatory arthropods often prevent plants from being severely damaged by killing herbivores as they feed on the plants. Recent studies show that a variety of plants, when injured by herbivores, emit chemical signals that guide natural enemies to the herbivores. It is unlikely that herbivore-damaged plants initiate the production of chemicals solely to attract parasitoids and predators. The signaling role probably evolved secondarily from plant responses that produce toxins and deterrents against herbivores and antibiotics against pathogens. To effectively function as signals for natural enemies, the emitted volatiles should be clearly distinguishable from background odors, specific for prey or host species that feed on the plant, and emitted at times when the natural enemies forage. Our studies on the phenomena of herbivore-induced emissions of volatiles in corn and cotton plants and studies conducted by others indicate that (i) the clarity of the volatile signals is high, as they are unique for herbivore damage, produced in relatively large amounts, and easily distinguishable from background odors; (ii) specificity is limited when different herbivores feed on the same plant species but high as far as odors emitted by different plant species and genotypes are concerned; (iii) the signals are timed so that they are mainly released during the daytime, when natural enemies tend to forage, and they wane slowly after herbivory stops.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ciagr
                Ciencia e investigación agraria
                Cienc. Inv. Agr.
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-1620
                August 2011
                : 38
                : 2
                : 265-275
                Affiliations
                [03] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales orgdiv2Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Argentina
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía Argentina
                [02] Buenos Aires orgnameCITEFA-CONICET orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones en Sólidos Argentina
                Article
                S0718-16202011000200012 S0718-1620(11)03800212
                9eef95fe-7612-407c-9d16-f63ee36e8285

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 March 2010
                : 06 May 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                RESEARCH PAPERS

                semiochemicals,Acibenzolar-S-methyl,Coccinellidae,electronic nose,actividad locomotriz,nariz electrónica,semioquímicos,locomotor activity

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