Embarazo en la adolescencia y los indicadores de salud materna y perinatal <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Adolescent pregnancy and maternal and perinatal health indicators </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública, con reconocida influencia en los aspectos socioeconómicos y psicoemocionales de la gestante, que puede influir en los indicadores de salud materna. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto del embarazo adolescente sobre los indicadores de salud materna y perinatal. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo, en una población de 5 920 gestantes atendidas en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho durante el año 2018, para la determinación de indicadores de salud materna, como la tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad materna (TMM y TMbM) y perinatal (TMP y TMbP), considerando dos grupos de análisis, mujeres gestantes entre 10 y 19 años y mayores de 19 años de edad. Resultados: Se atendieron 14,5 % partos de mujeres adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años de edad, grupo en el cual se presentaron TMbM y TMbP de 10,8 y 80,3 respectivamente, en contraposición a las tasas de 8,8 y 43,3 en el grupo de mujeres gestantes mayores de 19 años. La TMP fue de 6,9 y 10,4 en los grupos de gestantes adolescentes y mujeres adultas, respectivamente, mientras que la TMM fue de 19,9 en mujeres adultas. No se registró fallecimiento de pacientes adolescentes. Conclusiones: El embarazo en la adolescencia influyó significativamente en el indicador de salud materna TMbP, probablemente debido a la falta de control prenatal temprano, además de la inmadurez y la estructura ósea de la pelvis, siendo factores que pueden determinar problemas de salud en los neonatos.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem with recognized influence on the socioeconomic and psycho-emotional aspects of the pregnant woman, which can influence maternal health indicators. Objective: To determine the impact of adolescent pregnancy on maternal and perinatal health indicators. Material and Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in a population of 5 920 pregnant women attended at the Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho during 2018 to determine maternal health indicators such as maternal mortality and morbidity rate (MMR and MMR) and perinatal (MMR and PMR), considering two groups of analysis that included pregnant women between 10 and 19 years of age and those older than 19 years of age. Results: There were 14,5 % of deliveries in adolescent women between 10 and 19 years of age, a group in which MMR and PMR were 10,8 and 80,3 respectively, in contrast to the rates of 8,8 and 43,3 in the group of pregnant women older than 19 years of age. The PMR was 6,9 and 10,4 in the groups of pregnant adolescent women and adult women, respectively, while the MMR was 19,9 in adult women. No deaths were recorded in adolescent patients. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy significantly influenced the maternal health indicator PMR, probably due to the lack of early prenatal control, as well as the immaturity and the bony structure of the pelvis, being factors that can determine health problems in neonates.

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Adolescent Pregnancy, Birth, and Abortion Rates Across Countries: Levels and Recent Trends

Gilda Sedgh, Lawrence Finer, Akinrinola Bankole … (2015)

Purpose To examine pregnancy rates and outcomes (births and abortions) among 15- to 19-year olds and 10- to 14-year olds in all countries for which recent information could be obtained and to examine trends since the mid-1990s. Methods Information was obtained from countries’ vital statistics reports and the United Nations Statistics Division for most countries in this study. Alternate sources of information were used if needed and available. We present estimates primarily for 2011 and compare them to estimates published for the mid-1990s. Results Among the 21 countries with complete statistics, the pregnancy rate among 15- to 19-year olds was the highest in the United States (57 pregnancies per 1,000 females) and the lowest rate was in Switzerland (8). Rates were higher in some former Soviet countries with incomplete statistics; they were the highest in Mexico and Sub-Saharan African countries with available information. Among countries with reliable evidence, the highest rate among 10- to 14-year olds was in Hungary. The proportion of teen pregnancies that ended in abortion ranged from 17% in Slovakia to 69% in Sweden. The proportion of pregnancies that ended in live births tended to be higher in countries with high teen pregnancy rates (p =.02). The pregnancy rate has declined since the mid-1990s in the majority of the 16 countries where trends could be assessed. Conclusions Despite recent declines, teen pregnancy rates remain high in many countries. Research on the planning status of these pregnancies and on factors that determine how teens resolve their pregnancies could further inform programs and policies.

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Complications in adolescent pregnancy: systematic review of the literature

Walter de Azevedo, Michele Baffi Diniz, Eduardo da Fonseca … (2015)

Sexual activity during adolescence can lead to unwanted pregnancy, which in turn can result in serious maternal and fetal complications. The present study aimed to evaluate the complications related to adolescent pregnancy, through a systematic review using the Medical Subject Headings: “pregnancy complication” AND “adolescent” OR “pregnancy in adolescence”. Only full original articles in English or Portuguese with a clearly described methodology, were included. No qualitative studies, reviews or meta-analyses, editorials, case series, or case reports were included. The sample consisted of 15 articles; in that 10 were cross-sectional and 5 were cohort studies. The overall prevalence of adolescent pregnancy was 10%, and among the Brazilian studies, the adolescent pregnancy rate was 26%. The cesarean delivery rate was lower than that reported in the general population. The main maternal and neonatal complications were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, prematurity and low birth weight, respectively. Adolescent pregnancy is related to increased frequency of neonatal and maternal complications and lower prevalence of cesarean delivery.