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      Infodemic of covid-19 and repercussions on the mental health of the elderly from São Paulo Translated title: Salud mental e infodemia del covid-19 en adultos mayores de São Paulo Translated title: Repercussões na saúde mental e infodemia de covid-19 de idosos paulistanos

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To characterize and identify depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress associated with the COVID-19 Infodemic in the elderly from São Paulo.

          Method:

          Exploratory and cross-sectional study with the elderly in the capital of São Paulo who had internet access. The sociodemographic profile, the COVID-19 infodemic, depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety were analyzed.

          Results:

          A total of 411 older people participated in the study. There was a predominance of women (76.4%), with higher education (57.9%), using private health services, and with little income variation. Older people were more exposed to news or information about COVID-19 on the internet (45.3%), followed by television (34.5%), and radio (11.4%). The average stress was 19.96 points; 33.1% had anxiety, and 39.7% had depressive symptoms. The greater the number of people living with the elderly, the greater the stress (p = 0.001) and anxiety (p = 0.02). The hours of exposure to information on the internet led to stress (p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (p = 0.02), and anxiety (p = 0.02) in the elderly.

          Conclusion:

          During the pandemic, exposure to information on the internet triggered anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms in the elderly. The findings highlight the need for multi and interdisciplinary interventions to mitigate such repercussions on the elderly’s health.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Caracterizar e identificar sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e estresse associados à Infodemia de COVID-19 em idosos paulistanos.

          Método:

          Estudo exploratório e transversal com idosos da capital de São Paulo com acesso à internet. Foram analisados o perfil sociodemográfico, a infodemia de COVID-19, os sintomas depressivos, o estresse e a ansiedade.

          Resultados:

          Participaram 411 idosos. Predomínio do sexo feminino (76,4%), com ensino superior (57,9%), do uso de serviço de saúde privado e baixa variação na renda. Os idosos foram mais expostos a notícias ou informações sobre COVID-19 pela internet (45,3%), seguida pela televisão (34,5%) e pelo rádio (11,4%). A média de estresse foi 19,96 pontos; 33,1% apresentaram ansiedade e 39,7% sintomas depressivos. Quanto maior o número de pessoas que vivem com o idoso maior o estresse (p = 0,001) e a ansiedade (p = 0,02). As horas de exposição a informações pela internet levou a estresse (p = 0,001), sintomas depressivos (p = 0,02) e ansiedade (p = 0,02) do idoso.

          Conclusão

          Durante a pandemia, a exposição às informações pela internet desencadeou ansiedade, estresse e sintomas depressivos nos idosos. Os achados evidenciam a necessidade de intervenções multi e interdisciplinares para mitigar tais repercussões na saúde dos idosos.

          RESUMEN

          Objetivo:

          Caracterizar e identificar síntomas depresivos, ansiedad y estrés asociados a la Infodemia COVID-19 en adultos mayores de São Paulo.

          Método:

          Estudio exploratorio y transversal con adultos mayores de la capital paulista con acceso a internet. Fueron analizados perfil sociodemográfico, infodemia de COVID-19, síntomas depresivos, estrés y ansiedad.

          Resultados:

          Participaron 411 adultos mayores. Predominio del sexo femenino (76,4%), con estudios superiores (57,9%), usuarios de servicios de salud privados y baja variación de ingresos. Los adultos mayores estuvieron más expuestos a noticias o información sobre el COVID-19 en internet (45,3 %), seguida de la televisión (34,5 %) y la radio (11,4 %). El estrés promedio fue de 19,96 puntos; el 33,1% tenían ansiedad y el 39,7% tenían síntomas depresivos. Cuanto mayor era el número de personas que vivían con los adultos mayores, mayor era el estrés (p = 0,001) y la ansiedad (p = 0,02). Las horas de exposición a la información en internet generaron estrés (p = 0,001), síntomas depresivos (p = 0,02) y ansiedad (p = 0,02) en los adultos mayores.

          Conclusión:

          Durante la pandemia, la exposición a información en internet desencadenó síntomas de ansiedad, estrés y depresión en los adultos mayores. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de intervenciones multi e interdisciplinarias para mitigar tales repercusiones en la salud de los adultos mayores.

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          Most cited references30

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          Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

          Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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            Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report

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              Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): a longitudinal mediation analysis

              Research indicates that social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of mental disorders, but less is known about the distinct contributions of different aspects of isolation. We aimed to distinguish the pathways through which social disconnectedness (eg, small social network, infrequent social interaction) and perceptions of social isolation (eg, loneliness, perceived lack of support) contribute to anxiety and depression symptom severity in community-residing older adults aged 57-85 years at baseline.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esc Enferm USP
                Rev Esc Enferm USP
                reeusp
                Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
                Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem
                0080-6234
                1980-220X
                05 August 2022
                2022
                : 56
                : e20210421
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem, Departamento Médico-Cirúrgico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ]Universidade Federal Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Jack Roberto Silva Fhon Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 419, Cerqueira César 05403-000 – São Paulo, SP, Brazil betofhon@ 123456usp.br

                ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Marcia Regina Martins Alvarenga

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-4379
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-3876
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-4815
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-4862
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5335-6092
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-5089
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-9954
                Article
                00470
                10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0421en
                10111389
                35994688
                9e43dba2-2043-4bcb-9e9f-c2e536cc4749

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 07 October 2021
                : 21 June 2022
                Page count
                Tables: 10, References: 30
                Categories
                Original Article

                aged,coronavirus infections,communication,mental health,anciano,infecciones por coronavirus,comunicación,salud mental,idoso,infecções por coronavírus,comunicação,saúde mental

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