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      Is Open Access

      What is brain health?

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Highlights

          • •

            Brain health may be variably defined in broad or narrow terms.

          • •

            Central to the definition of brain health is preservation of optimal brain structure and function.

          • •

            Brain health may be influenced by 5 key determinants: physical health, the environment, physical safety and financial security, opportunities for social convergence, and access to health and social services.

          • •

            Cognitive medicine may be defined as a discipline and research-focused area dealing with the study, identification, prevention, and treatment of cognitive impairment and decline.

          Abstract

          The call to optimize brain health is now a local, regional and global priority. Organizations such as the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Alzheimer's Association, American Academy of Neurology, World Federation of Neurology, and others have developed recommendations for the maintenance of brain health. Brain health definitions range from broad to narrow in scope and may focus on cognition or encompass broader core components such as cerebral, mental and social domains. In this manuscript we will explore various definitions of brain health and its core components, the importance of cognitive and functional domains, and briefly introduce the concept of cognitive medicine in the context of brain health.

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          Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond.

          Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Yuling Hong, Darwin Labarthe … (2010)
          This document details the procedures and recommendations of the Goals and Metrics Committee of the Strategic Planning Task Force of the American Heart Association, which developed the 2020 Impact Goals for the organization. The committee was charged with defining a new concept, cardiovascular health, and determining the metrics needed to monitor it over time. Ideal cardiovascular health, a concept well supported in the literature, is defined by the presence of both ideal health behaviors (nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m(2), physical activity at goal levels, and pursuit of a diet consistent with current guideline recommendations) and ideal health factors (untreated total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, and fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL). Appropriate levels for children are also provided. With the use of levels that span the entire range of the same metrics, cardiovascular health status for the whole population is defined as poor, intermediate, or ideal. These metrics will be monitored to determine the changing prevalence of cardiovascular health status and define achievement of the Impact Goal. In addition, the committee recommends goals for further reductions in cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality. Thus, the committee recommends the following Impact Goals: "By 2020, to improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20% while reducing deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke by 20%." These goals will require new strategic directions for the American Heart Association in its research, clinical, public health, and advocacy programs for cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention in the next decade and beyond.
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            Life’s Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association’s Construct of Cardiovascular Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

            Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Norrina B Allen, Cheryl A.M. Anderson … (2022)
            In 2010, the American Heart Association defined a novel construct of cardiovascular health to promote a paradigm shift from a focus solely on disease treatment to one inclusive of positive health promotion and preservation across the life course in populations and individuals. Extensive subsequent evidence has provided insights into strengths and limitations of the original approach to defining and quantifying cardiovascular health. In response, the American Heart Association convened a writing group to recommend enhancements and updates. The definition and quantification of each of the original metrics (Life’s Simple 7) were evaluated for responsiveness to interindividual variation and intraindividual change. New metrics were considered, and the age spectrum was expanded to include the entire life course. The foundational contexts of social determinants of health and psychological health were addressed as crucial factors in optimizing and preserving cardiovascular health. This presidential advisory introduces an enhanced approach to assessing cardiovascular health: Life’s Essential 8. The components of Life’s Essential 8 include diet (updated), physical activity, nicotine exposure (updated), sleep health (new), body mass index, blood lipids (updated), blood glucose (updated), and blood pressure. Each metric has a new scoring algorithm ranging from 0 to 100 points, allowing generation of a new composite cardiovascular health score (the unweighted average of all components) that also varies from 0 to 100 points. Methods for implementing cardiovascular health assessment and longitudinal monitoring are discussed, as are potential data sources and tools to promote widespread adoption in policy, public health, clinical, institutional, and community settings.
            Article 0 comments Cited 437 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The path to healthy ageing in China: a Peking University–Lancet Commission

              Xinxin Chen, John. Giles, Yao Yao … (2022)
              Around the world, populations are ageing at a faster pace than in the past and this demographic transition will have impacts on all aspects of societies. In May 2020, the UN General Assembly declared 2021–2030 the Decade of Healthy Ageing, highlighting the importance for policymakers across the world to focus policy on improving the lives of older people, both today and in the future. While rapid population ageing poses challenges, China’s rapid economic growth over the last forty years has created space for policy to assist older persons and families in their efforts to improve health and well-being at older ages. As China is home to 1/5 of the world’s older people, China is often held up as an example for other middle-income countries. This Commission Report aims to help readers to understand the process of healthy ageing in China as a means of drawing lessons from the China experience. In addition, with the purpose of informing the ongoing policy dialogue within China, the Commission Report highlights the policy challenges on the horizon and draws lessons from international experience.
              Article 0 comments Cited 112 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Philip B. Gorelick
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cereb Circ Cogn Behav
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cereb Circ Cogn Behav
                Title: Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2666-2450
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 October 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2024
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 October 2023
                Volume: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100190
                Affiliations
                [0001]Davee Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625N. Michigan Avenue Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2666-2450(23)00034-X Publisher ID: 100190
                DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100190
                PMC ID: 10826122
                PubMed ID: 38292017
                SO-VID: 9d870c89-6e2e-46bb-b8d6-9871a275a0d6
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 25 August 2023
                Date revision received : 5 October 2023
                Date accepted : 24 October 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: brain health,world health organization,centers for disease control and prevention,alzheimer's association
                Data availability:
                Keywords: brain health, world health organization, centers for disease control and prevention, alzheimer's association

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