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      Vulnerabilidad Translated title: Vulnerability

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          Abstract

          El término "vulnerabilidad" encierra una gran complejidad. Hace referencia a la posibilidad del daño, a la finitud y a la condición mortal del ser humano. Sin embargo, tiene diversas dimensiones. Al menos una dimensión antropológica, que afirma la condición de vulnerabilidad del ser humano en cuanto tal, y una dimensión social, que subraya una mayor susceptibilidad generada por el medio o las condiciones de vida, dando lugar a "espacios de vulnerabilidad" y "poblaciones vulnerables". La dimensión social nos conduce a hablar de las capacidades y el reconocimiento como elementos clave del vínculo entre los seres humanos que es fundamento de la obligación moral. Esta obligación es fundamentalmente de cuidado y solidaridad en el marco de la justicia.

          Translated abstract

          "Vulnerability" is a complex concept. It refers to the possibility of harm, to limitations and to the mortal condition of the human being. Nevertheless, it has different dimensions. There are at least two: an anthropological dimension, which affirms the intrinsically vulnerable condition of the human being; and a social dimension, which refers to an increased susceptibility caused by the natural environment or social settings, generating "vulnerability spaces" and "vulnerable populations". The social dimension leads us to comment on capacities and recognition as key elements of the bond amongst human beings, the ground of moral obligation. This obligation is principally care and solidarity in the framework of justice.

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          Most cited references37

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          The limitations of "vulnerability" as a protection for human research participants.

          Vulnerability is one of the least examined concepts in research ethics. Vulnerability was linked in the Belmont Report to questions of justice in the selection of subjects. Regulations and policy documents regarding the ethical conduct of research have focused on vulnerability in terms of limitations of the capacity to provide informed consent. Other interpretations of vulnerability have emphasized unequal power relationships between politically and economically disadvantaged groups and investigators or sponsors. So many groups are now considered to be vulnerable in the context of research, particularly international research, that the concept has lost force. In addition, classifying groups as vulnerable not only stereotypes them, but also may not reliably protect many individuals from harm. Certain individuals require ongoing protections of the kind already established in law and regulation, but attention must also be focused on characteristics of the research protocol and environment that present ethical challenges.
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            The vulnerable and the susceptible.

            Human beings are essentially vulnerable in the view that their existence qua humans is not given but constructed. This vulnerability received basic protection from the State, expressed in the form of the universal rights all citizens are meant to enjoy. In addition, many individuals fall prey to destitution and deprivation, requiring social action aimed at recognising the specific harms they suffer and providing remedial assistance to palliate or remove their plights. Citizens receive protection against their biologic vulnerability by means of an in rem right to health [care], which is more an attitude of protection than a specific programme. When individuals become susceptible, that is, biologically weak or diseased, they also increase their predisposition to additional harm, and require social actions to treat their demeaned condition. Such assistance takes the form of positive healthcare rights. Research on human beings has been slow to observe that the subjects recruited are susceptible, especially so if research is done in less developed countries. By mislabelling them as vulnerable--a characteristic they share with all humans--sponsors avoid registering the deprivation these people suffer, and the ethical obligation to offer them remedial help. The distinction between vulnerability and susceptibility also marks the difference between being intact but fragile--vulnerable--and being injured and predisposed to compound additional harm--susceptible. Awareness of this difference should give additional force to the rejection of double standards in research ethics.
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              Basic ethical principles in European bioethics and biolaw: autonomy, dignity, integrity and vulnerability--towards a foundation of bioethics and biolaw.

              This article summarizes some of the results of the BIOMED II project "Basic Ethical Principles in European Bioethics and Biolaw" (1995-1998) connected to a research project of the Danish Research Councils "Bioethics and Law" (1993-1998). The BIOMED project was based on cooperation between 22 partners in most EU countries. The aim of the project was to identify the ethical principles of respect for autonomy, dignity, integrity and vulnerability as four important ideas or values for a European bioethics and biolaw. The research concluded that the basic ethical principles cannot be understood as universal everlasting ideas or transcendental truths but they rather function reflective guidelines and important values in European culture. The method of the research was conceptual, philosophical analysis of the cultural background of the four values or normative ideas that people use and find important in their existence. Moreover, this was combined with analysis of empirical legal material and policy documents. Also, a number of qualitative interviews with relevant experts were carried out. Another important result of the BIOMED project was the partner's Policy Proposals to the European Commission, the Barcelona Declaration, unique as a philosophical and political agreement between experts in bioethics and biolaw from many different countries. The Policy Proposals are reprinted here at the end of the article.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                2007
                : 30
                : suppl 3
                : 07-22
                Affiliations
                [01] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos
                Article
                S1137-66272007000600002
                10.4321/S1137-66272007000600002
                18227878
                9d4ac2d0-65d3-44fc-8ddc-feafb3842d51

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Vulnerabilidad,Reconocimiento,Cuidado,Solidaridad,Daño,Vulnerability,Recognition,Care,Solidarity,Harm

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