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      Salivary cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein is associated with higher diastolic-to-systolic-blood pressure ratio, sedentary time and center of pressure displacement in healthy 7-9 years old school-children

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein (CEFIP) is a recently identified protein, first found in the z-disc of striated muscles, and related to cardiovascular diseases. Our objectives are: 1) to quantify CEFIP in saliva in healthy 7-9 years old school-children; and 2) to assess the associations of salivary CEFIP concentration and blood pressure, physical (in)activity and physical fitness in these children.

          Methods

          A total of 72 children (7.6 ± 0.3 years) were included in the study, recruited in primary schools in Girona (Spain). A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used (abx506878; Abbexa, United Kingdom) to quantify CEFIP in saliva. Anthropometric evaluation was performed [body mass, height and body mass index (BMI)]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by means of an electronic oscillometer and the diastolic-to-systolic blood pressure ratio (D/S BP ratio) was calculated. Physical (in)activity [sedentary time and time spent in physical activity (PA)] were assessed by means of a triaxial Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) that children were instructed to wear for 24h during 7 conssecutive days. Finally, physical fitness (speed and agility, explosive power of legs, handgrip strength, flexibility and balance) were assessed through validated and standardized testing batteries.

          Results

          CEFIP was easily detected and measured in all saliva samples (mean concentration: 0.6 ± 0.2 pg/ml). Salivary CEFIP was positively associated with D/S BP ratio (r=0.305, p=0.010) and sedentary time (r=0.317, p=0.012), but negatively associated with PA in 7-9 years old school-children (r=-0.350, p=0.002). Furthermore, salivary CEFIP was related to lower level of balance i.e., higher center of pressure (CoP) displacement in these children (r=0.411, p<0.001). The associations of salivary CEFIP with D/S BP ratio (Beta=0.349, p=0.004), sedentary time (Beta=0.354, p=0.009) and CoP displacement (Beta=0.401, p=0.001), were maintained significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables such as age, gender and BMI in linear regression analyses.

          Conclusion

          CEFIP can be easily assessed in saliva as a promising biomarker associated with cardiovascular health in 7-9 years old school-children. Interestingly, higher salivary CEFIP concentration was related to higher D/S BP ratio, more sedentary time and higher CoP displacement i.e., lower level of balance in these children.

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          Most cited references47

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          Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics.

          Global classification of the human proteins with regards to spatial expression patterns across organs and tissues is important for studies of human biology and disease. Here, we used a quantitative transcriptomics analysis (RNA-Seq) to classify the tissue-specific expression of genes across a representative set of all major human organs and tissues and combined this analysis with antibody-based profiling of the same tissues. To present the data, we launch a new version of the Human Protein Atlas that integrates RNA and protein expression data corresponding to ∼80% of the human protein-coding genes with access to the primary data for both the RNA and the protein analysis on an individual gene level. We present a classification of all human protein-coding genes with regards to tissue-specificity and spatial expression pattern. The integrative human expression map can be used as a starting point to explore the molecular constituents of the human body.
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            Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children.

            A calibration study was conducted to determine the threshold counts for two commonly used accelerometers, the ActiGraph and the Actical, to classify activities by intensity in children 5 to 8 years of age. Thirty-three children wore both accelerometers and a COSMED portable metabolic system during 15 min of rest and then performed up to nine different activities for 7 min each, on two separate days in the laboratory. Oxygen consumption was measured on a breath-by-breath basis, and accelerometer data were collected in 15-s epochs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, cutpoints that maximised both sensitivity and specificity were determined for sedentary, moderate and vigorous activities. For both accelerometers, discrimination of sedentary behaviour was almost perfect, with the area under the ROC curve at or exceeding 0.98. For both the ActiGraph and Actical, the discrimination of moderate (0.85 and 0.86, respectively) and vigorous activity (0.83 and 0.86, respectively) was acceptable, but not as precise as for sedentary behaviour. This calibration study, using indirect calorimetry, suggests that the two accelerometers can be used to distinguish differing levels of physical activity intensity as well as inactivity among children 5 to 8 years of age.
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              The Importance of Muscular Strength in Athletic Performance

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2481915Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
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                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1044636Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
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                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1696807Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/947428Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
                Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
                Front. Endocrinol.
                Frontiers in Endocrinology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-2392
                18 January 2024
                2024
                : 15
                : 1292653
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research , Girona, Spain
                [2] 2 University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona , Girona, Spain
                [3] 3 Research Group of Culture and Education, Institute of Educational Research, University of Girona , Girona, Spain
                [4] 4 Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Blanquerna-Universitat Ramon Llull , Barcelona, Spain
                [5] 5 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia , Barcelona, Spain
                [6] 6 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona , Girona, Spain
                [7] 7 Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital , Girona, Spain
                [8] 8 Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona , Girona, Spain
                Author notes

                Edited by: Raluca Ioana Stefan-van Staden, National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC), Romania

                Reviewed by: Damir Sekulic, University of Split, Croatia

                Nedim Čović, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

                *Correspondence: Anna Prats-Puig, aprats@ 123456euses.cat

                †ORCID: Anna Prats-Puig, orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-3808

                Article
                10.3389/fendo.2024.1292653
                10830845
                38304464
                9d136eee-bbdc-41c4-9879-2ab7ab7c94f2
                Copyright © 2024 Vasileva, Font-Lladó, Carreras-Badosa, Roman-Viñas, Cadellans-Arróniz, López-Bermejo and Prats-Puig

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 13 September 2023
                : 04 January 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 11, Words: 6651
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación , doi 10.13039/501100004837;
                The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe”, funded by the European Union (ID2021-124162OA-I00).
                Categories
                Endocrinology
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                Pediatric Endocrinology

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                cardiac-enriched fhl2-interacting protein (cefip),cardiovascular markers,children,physical (in)activity,physical fitness,saliva

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