Role of probiotics in managing various human diseases, from oral pathology to cancer and gastrointestinal diseases

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Abstract

The imbalance of microbial composition and diversity in favor of pathogenic microorganisms combined with a loss of beneficial gut microbiota taxa results from factors such as age, diet, antimicrobial administration for different infections, other underlying medical conditions, etc. Probiotics are known for their capacity to improve health by stimulating the indigenous gut microbiota, enhancing host immunity resistance to infection, helping digestion, and carrying out various other functions. Concurrently, the metabolites produced by these microorganisms, termed postbiotics, which include compounds like bacteriocins, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, contribute to inhibiting a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. This review presents an update on using probiotics in managing and treating various human diseases, including complications that may emerge during or after a COVID-19 infection.

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Most cited references 272

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SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Markus Hoffmann, Hannah Kleine-Weber, Simon Schroeder … (2020)

Summary The recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to cellular receptors and on S protein priming by host cell proteases. Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized SARS-2-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and identify a potential target for antiviral intervention.

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Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health

Gabriele Pizzino, Natasha Irrera, Mariapaola Cucinotta … (2017)

Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products. ROS can play, and in fact they do it, several physiological roles (i.e., cell signaling), and they are normally generated as by-products of oxygen metabolism; despite this, environmental stressors (i.e., UV, ionizing radiations, pollutants, and heavy metals) and xenobiotics (i.e., antiblastic drugs) contribute to greatly increase ROS production, therefore causing the imbalance that leads to cell and tissue damage (oxidative stress). Several antioxidants have been exploited in recent years for their actual or supposed beneficial effect against oxidative stress, such as vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols. While we tend to describe oxidative stress just as harmful for human body, it is true as well that it is exploited as a therapeutic approach to treat clinical conditions such as cancer, with a certain degree of clinical success. In this review, we will describe the most recent findings in the oxidative stress field, highlighting both its bad and good sides for human health.

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Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease

Shinwan Kany, Jan Vollrath, Borna Relja (2019)

This review aims to briefly discuss a short list of a broad variety of inflammatory cytokines. Numerous studies have implicated that inflammatory cytokines exert important effects with regard to various inflammatory diseases, yet the reports on their specific roles are not always consistent. They can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease or its progress, and also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for therapies. Yet, their precise role is not always clearly defined. Thus, in this review, we focus on the existing literature dealing with the biology of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-8. We will briefly focus on the correlations and role of these inflammatory mediators in the genesis of inflammatory impacts (e.g., shock, trauma, immune dysregulation, osteoporosis, and/or critical illness).

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Author and article information

Contributors

Oana-Alina Petrariu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2532260/overviewRole: Role: Role:

Ilda Czobor Barbu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1961721/overviewRole:

Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2511853/overviewRole:

Marian Constantin: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1946918/overviewRole:

Georgiana Alexandra Grigore: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2571846/overviewRole:

Roxana-Elena Cristian: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/591132/overviewRole:

Grigore Mihaescu: Role:

Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/695793/overviewRole: Role: Role:

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Microbiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Microbiol.

Title: Frontiers in Microbiology

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-302X

Publication date (Electronic): 05 January 2024

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 14

Electronic Location Identifier: 1296447

Affiliations

[1] ¹Microbiology-Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania

[2] ²The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania

[3] ³Academy of Romanian Scientists , Bucharest, Romania

[4] ⁴Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania

[5] ⁵Institute of Biology of Romanian Academy , Bucharest, Romania

[6] ⁶National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences , Bucharest, Romania

[7] ⁷Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania

Author notes

Edited by: George Grant, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Reviewed by: Nar Singh Chauhan, Maharshi Dayanand University, India

Haiqiang Yao, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China

*Correspondence: Georgiana Alexandra Grigore, grigore.georgiana-alexandra@ 123456s.bio.unibuc.ro

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1296447

PMC ID: 10797027

SO-VID: 9cf248ed-7e18-4a76-b5b2-2d357aa96d67

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 19 September 2023

Date accepted : 18 December 2023

Page count

Figures: 4, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 272, Pages: 23, Words: 22976

Funding

Funded by: European Regional Development Fund, doi 10.13039/501100008530;

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development, and Innovation ( https://uefiscdi.gov.ro/, accessed on April 20, 2023) research project FDI 0690/2023, the “Analysis of the potential for sustainable use of vegetation specific to the Danube-Danube Delta-Black Sea System” project, awarded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Competitiveness Operational Program 2014–2020, contract no. 108630, project no. RO1567-IBB05/2023 awarded by the Institute of Biology Bucharest of the Romanian Academy, and “The core program within the National Research Development and Innovation Plan, 2022–2027,” carried out with the support of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (MCID), project no. 23020101, contract no. 7N from January 03, 2023, and by AOSR Teams, project no. 288/20.02.2022. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Custom metadata

section-at-acceptance Microorganisms in Vertebrate Digestive Systems

ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: microbiome therapeutics,dysbiosis,intestinal barrier,probiotics,gut microbiota

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: microbiome therapeutics, dysbiosis, intestinal barrier, probiotics, gut microbiota

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Role of probiotics in managing various human diseases, from oral pathology to cancer and gastrointestinal diseases

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 272

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health

Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease

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