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      Thyroid Dysfunction and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

      systematic-review

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Studies have suggested that patients with thyroid dysfunction may have an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the results from existing studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism with risk of PD using the method of systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Methods

          Potentially eligible studies were identified from Medline and EMBASE databases from inception to December 2021 using search strategy that comprised of terms for “Thyroid” and “Parkinson’s Disease”. Eligible cohort study must consist of one cohort of patients with hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism and another cohort of individuals without hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism. Then, the study must report effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) comparing incident PD between the groups. Eligible case-control studies must include cases with PD and controls without PD. Then, the study must explore their history of hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs of the association between presence of hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism and PD must be reported. Point estimates with standard errors were retrieved from each study and were combined together using the generic inverse variance method.

          Results

          A total of 3,147 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by three investigators, 3 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies met the eligibility criteria and were included into the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed an increased likelihood of PD in both patients with hypothyroidism (pooled OR 1.56; 95%CI, 1.38 – 1.77; with moderate heterogeneity, I 2 66.9%) and patients with hyperthyroidism (pooled OR 1.57; 95%CI, 1.40 – 1.77; with insignificant heterogeneity, I 2 0.0%). Funnel plots for both meta-analyses were fairly symmetric, which did not indicate presence of publication bias.

          Conclusion

          This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism with an increased risk of PD.

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          Most cited references36

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          Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.

          Julian P T Higgins, Simon G Thompson, Jonathan J Deeks … (2003)
          Article 0 comments Cited 11703 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses.

            Andreas Stang (2010)
            Article 0 comments Cited 4721 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Meta-analysis in clinical trials

              Rebecca DerSimonian, Nan Laird (1986)
              Article 0 comments Cited 4254 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Endocrinol.
                Title: Frontiers in Endocrinology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-2392
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 May 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 863281
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge, MA, United States
                [2] 2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
                [3] 3 Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA, United States
                [4] 4 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
                [5] 5 Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center , Framingham, MA, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Giuseppe Barbesino, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States

                Reviewed by: Daniela Gallo, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Italy; Surasak Saokaew, University of Phayao, Thailand

                *Correspondence: Nipith Charoenngam, nipith.charoenngam@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Thyroid Endocrinology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863281
                PMC ID: 9114488
                PubMed ID: 35600588
                SO-VID: 9cb048f7-045f-48f5-9e66-0f7dcbfe0e9d
                Copyright © Copyright © 2022 Charoenngam, Rittiphairoj, Ponvilawan and Prasongdee
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 27 January 2022
                Date accepted : 24 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 10, Words: 4089
                Categories
                Subject: Endocrinology
                Subject: Systematic Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Keywords: thyroid,hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,parkinson’s disease,systematic review,meta-analysis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Keywords: thyroid, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, parkinson’s disease, systematic review, meta-analysis

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