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      Scaling Up Parenting Interventions is Critical for Attaining the Sustainable Development Goals

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          Abstract

          Of all the potentially modifiable influences affecting children’s development and mental health across the life course, none is more important than the quality of parenting and family life. In this position paper, we argue that parenting is fundamentally linked to the development of life skills that children need in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We discuss key principles that should inform the development of a global research and implementation agenda related to scaling up evidence-based parenting support programs. Research over the past 50 years has shown that parenting support programs of varied intensity and delivery modality can improve a wide range of developmental, emotional, behavioral and health outcomes for parents and their children. Such findings have been replicated across culturally and socioeconomically diverse samples, albeit primarily in studies from Western countries. We highlight the evidence for the relevance of parenting interventions for attaining the SDGs globally, and identify the barriers to and strategies for achieving their scale-up. The implications of the global COVID-19 pandemic for the delivery of evidence-based parenting support are also discussed.

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          Most cited references53

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          Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.

          The relationship of health risk behavior and disease in adulthood to the breadth of exposure to childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood has not previously been described. A questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences was mailed to 13,494 adults who had completed a standardized medical evaluation at a large HMO; 9,508 (70.5%) responded. Seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were studied: psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The number of categories of these adverse childhood experiences was then compared to measures of adult risk behavior, health status, and disease. Logistic regression was used to adjust for effects of demographic factors on the association between the cumulative number of categories of childhood exposures (range: 0-7) and risk factors for the leading causes of death in adult life. More than half of respondents reported at least one, and one-fourth reported > or = 2 categories of childhood exposures. We found a graded relationship between the number of categories of childhood exposure and each of the adult health risk behaviors and diseases that were studied (P or = 50 sexual intercourse partners, and sexually transmitted disease; and 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in physical inactivity and severe obesity. The number of categories of adverse childhood exposures showed a graded relationship to the presence of adult diseases including ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures, and liver disease. The seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were strongly interrelated and persons with multiple categories of childhood exposure were likely to have multiple health risk factors later in life. We found a strong graded relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
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            Well-being of Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey

            As the coronavirus disease pandemic spread across the United States and protective measures to mitigate its impact were enacted, parents and children experienced widespread disruptions in daily life. Our objective with this national survey was to determine how the pandemic and mitigation efforts affected the physical and emotional well-being of parents and children in the United States through early June 2020.
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              A future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                m.sanders@psy.uq.edu.au
                Journal
                Child Psychiatry Hum Dev
                Child Psychiatry Hum Dev
                Child Psychiatry and Human Development
                Springer US (New York )
                0009-398X
                1573-3327
                4 May 2021
                : 1-12
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.1003.2, ISNI 0000 0000 9320 7537, Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, , The University of Queensland, ; Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
                [2 ]Goa & New Delhi, Sangath, India
                [3 ]GRID grid.7340.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2162 1699, Department of Psychology, , University of Bath, ; Bath, UK
                [4 ]GRID grid.12082.39, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7590, School of Psychology, , University of Sussex, ; Brighton, UK
                [5 ]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, , Harvard Medical School, ; Boston, USA
                [6 ]GRID grid.38142.3c, ISNI 000000041936754X, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, ; Boston, USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-6337
                Article
                1171
                10.1007/s10578-021-01171-0
                8096135
                33948778
                9bfe026c-641f-4f0f-8574-fa57eacdb1d1
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 6 April 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Vice Chancellor of the University of Queensland
                Categories
                Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                sustainable development goals,child development,parenting,evidence-based parenting support

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