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      Reactive Oxygen Species in Drought-Induced Stomatal Closure: The Potential Roles of NPR1

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      Journal: Plants
      Publisher: MDPI AG

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          Abstract

          Stomatal closure is a vital, adaptive mechanism that plants utilize to minimize water loss and withstand drought conditions. We will briefly review the pathway triggered by drought that governs stomatal closure, with specific focuses on salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We propose that the non-expressor of PR Gene 1 (NPR1), a protein that protects plants during pathogen infections, also responds to SA during drought to sustain ROS levels and prevent ROS-induced cell death. We will examine the evidence underpinning this hypothesis and discuss potential strategies for its practical implementation.

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          Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction.

          Klaus Apel, Heribert Hirt (2004)
          Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Whereas plants are surfeited with mechanisms to combat increased ROS levels during abiotic stress conditions, in other circumstances plants appear to purposefully generate ROS as signaling molecules to control various processes including pathogen defense, programmed cell death, and stomatal behavior. This review describes the mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. New insights into the complexity and roles that ROS play in plants have come from genetic analyses of ROS detoxifying and signaling mutants. Considering recent ROS-induced genome-wide expression analyses, the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.
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            Abscisic acid inhibits type 2C protein phosphatases via the PYR/PYL family of START proteins.

            Sang-Youl Park, Pauline Fung, Noriyuki Nishimura … (2009)
            Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are vitally involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Here, we show that a synthetic growth inhibitor called pyrabactin functions as a selective ABA agonist. Pyrabactin acts through PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE 1 (PYR1), the founding member of a family of START proteins called PYR/PYLs, which are necessary for both pyrabactin and ABA signaling in vivo. We show that ABA binds to PYR1, which in turn binds to and inhibits PP2Cs. We conclude that PYR/PYLs are ABA receptors functioning at the apex of a negative regulatory pathway that controls ABA signaling by inhibiting PP2Cs. Our results illustrate the power of the chemical genetic approach for sidestepping genetic redundancy.
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              Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Abiotic Stress: Revisiting the Crucial Role of a Universal Defense Regulator

              Mirza Hasanuzzaman, M.H.M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan, Faisal Zulfiqar … (2020)
              Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PLANCD
                Title: Plants
                Abbreviated Title: Plants
                Publisher: MDPI AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 2223-7747
                Publication date Created: September 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): September 07 2023
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 18
                Page: 3194
                Article
                DOI: 10.3390/plants12183194
                PubMed ID: 37765358
                SO-VID: 9bd0c1c1-9f6c-4ec1-b7f6-e8576382d9f6
                Copyright © © 2023
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                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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