Entrapment of  Citrus limon  var.  pompia  Essential Oil or Pure Citral in Liposomes Tailored as Mouthwash for the Treatment of Oral Cavity Diseases

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Abstract

This work aimed at developing a mouthwash based on liposomes loading Citrus limon var. pompia essential oil or citral to treat oropharyngeal diseases. Vesicles were prepared by dispersing phosphatidylcholine and pompia essential oil or citral at increasing amounts (12, 25 and 50 mg/mL) in water. Transparent vesicle dispersions were obtained by direct sonication avoiding the use of organic solvents. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) confirmed the formation of unilamellar, spherical and regularly shaped vesicles. Essential oil and citral loaded liposomes were small in size (~110 and ~100 nm, respectively) and negatively charged. Liposomes, especially those loading citral, were highly stable as their physico-chemical properties did not change during storage. The formulations were highly biocompatible against keratinocytes, were able to counteract the damages induced in cells by using hydrogen peroxide, and able to increase the rate of skin repair. In addition, liposomes loading citral at higher concentrations inhibited the proliferation of cariogenic bacterium.

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Pedro Belda-Ferre, Luis David Alcaraz, Raúl Cabrera-Rubio … (2012)

The oral cavity of humans is inhabited by hundreds of bacterial species and some of them have a key role in the development of oral diseases, mainly dental caries and periodontitis. We describe for the first time the metagenome of the human oral cavity under health and diseased conditions, with a focus on supragingival dental plaque and cavities. Direct pyrosequencing of eight samples with different oral-health status produced 1 Gbp of sequence without the biases imposed by PCR or cloning. These data show that cavities are not dominated by Streptococcus mutans (the species originally identified as the ethiological agent of dental caries) but are in fact a complex community formed by tens of bacterial species, in agreement with the view that caries is a polymicrobial disease. The analysis of the reads indicated that the oral cavity is functionally a different environment from the gut, with many functional categories enriched in one of the two environments and depleted in the other. Individuals who had never suffered from dental caries showed an over-representation of several functional categories, like genes for antimicrobial peptides and quorum sensing. In addition, they did not have mutans streptococci but displayed high recruitment of other species. Several isolates belonging to these dominant bacteria in healthy individuals were cultured and shown to inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, suggesting the use of these commensal bacterial strains as probiotics to promote oral health and prevent dental caries.

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Antioxidant activity of essential oils.

Luca Valgimigli, C Foti, Luca Valgimigli (2013)

Essential oils (EOs) are liquid mixtures of volatile compounds obtained from aromatic plants. Many EOs have antioxidant properties, and the use of EOs as natural antioxidants is a field of growing interest because some synthetic antioxidants such as BHA and BHT are now suspected to be potentially harmful to human health. Addition of EOs to edible products, either by direct mixing or in active packaging and edible coatings, may therefore represent a valid alternative to prevent autoxidation and prolong shelf life. The evaluation of the antioxidant performance of EOs is, however, a crucial issue, because many commonly used "tests" are inappropriate and give contradictory results that may mislead future research. The chemistry explaining EO antioxidant activity is discussed along with an analysis of the potential in food protection. Literature methods to assess EOs' antioxidant performance are critically reviewed.

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K M Snader, B Cragg, Jeff Newman (2000)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): pharmaceuticals

Title: Pharmaceuticals

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8247

Publication date (Electronic): 28 August 2020

Publication date Collection: September 2020

Volume: 13

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 216

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Drug Science Division, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; luciapalmas@ 123456yahoo.it (L.P.); matteo.aroffu@ 123456gmail.com (M.A.); f.marongiu@ 123456unica.it (F.M.); manconi@ 123456unica.it (M.M.)

[2 ]Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; gpetretto@ 123456uniss.it (G.L.P.); jose.e.peris@ 123456uv.es (J.-E.P.)

[3 ]Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; eescribano@ 123456ub.edu

[4 ]Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; octavio.diez@ 123456uv.es (O.D.-S.); Iris.Usach@ 123456uv.es (I.U.)

[5 ]Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan 8731753153, Iran; mansurehghavam@ 123456gmail.com

[6 ]Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Molecular Biology Service Lab (MBS), Via Ospedale 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; sara.fais@ 123456unica.it (S.F.); orru@ 123456unica.it (G.O.)

[7 ]Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Unité de Recherche TVA, Laboratoire CTA, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, B.P. 17-5208 Riad El Solh, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; rita.abirached@ 123456net.usj.edu.lb

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: mlmanca@ 123456unica.it ; Tel.: +39-070-675-8582

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Lucia Palmas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-2366

Giacomo L. Petretto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9528-5632

Maria Letizia Manca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-257X

Maria Manconi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2344

Article

Publisher ID: pharmaceuticals-13-00216

DOI: 10.3390/ph13090216

PMC ID: 7557837

PubMed ID: 32872140

SO-VID: 9b59628c-3ba6-43fa-93b7-8d60f789bdad

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Entrapment of Citrus limon var. pompia Essential Oil or Pure Citral in Liposomes Tailored as Mouthwash for the Treatment of Oral Cavity Diseases

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Genes & Diseases

Most cited references 43

The oral metagenome in health and disease.

Antioxidant activity of essential oils.

The influence of natural products upon drug discovery.

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