Prevalence of energy drink consumption world‐wide: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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Abstract

Background and aims

The increasing market for energy drinks (EDs) in recent years, as well as the health risks caused by their consumption, prompt calls to estimate the prevalence of ED use among different countries. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of ED use in different continents and age groups.

Method

We searched two databases (i.e. PubMed and PsycInfo) on 31 March 2023 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of ED use. A total of 192 studies (196 distinct samples; n = 1 120 613; 53.37% males) from the United States, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa were included in the analysis. A random‐effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence at several time‐periods. Subgroup analyses were performed to provide prevalence based on continent and age group. The quality of articles was assessed using Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Measurements included prevalence of ED use (i.e. life‐time, past 12 months, past 30 days, past 7 days and daily use), continent and age group (i.e. children, adolescents, young adults and adults).

Results

The life‐time ED use world‐wide‐pooled prevalence was estimated to be 54.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 48.8–60.6; I ² = 99.80], 43.4% (95% CI = 36.1–50.6; I ² = 99.92) in the past 12 months, 32.3% (95% CI = 28.8–35.8; I ² = 99.82) in the past 30 days, 21.6% (95% CI = 18.7–24.5; I ² = 99.95) in the past 7 days and 8.82% (95% CI = 6.3–11.4; I ² = 99.95) daily ED use. Subgroups analyses showed significant differences in ED life‐time use within age groups ( P = 0.002) and continents ( P = 0.035).

Conclusions

The world‐wide prevalence of energy drink use appears to be high, particularly among adolescents and young adults.

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Is Open Access

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J L Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2025)

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.