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      Self-compassion and work engagement among clinical nurses: the mediating role of moral resilience

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          Abstract

          Background

          As the workload of clinical nursing continues to increase, the mental health of nurses has emerged as a critical area of concern. Self-compassion, moral resilience, and work engagement are essential components in enhancing the mental health of clinical nurses. Although it is well-established that self-compassion significantly contributes to improved work engagement, there remains a notable lack of research investigating the specific mechanisms through which self-compassion influences work engagement, particularly from the perspective of moral resilience. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the relationships among self-compassion, moral resilience, and work engagement in clinical nurses, while also validating the mediating role of moral resilience in the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement.

          Methods

          This study utilized a convenience sampling method to conduct a cross-sectional online survey involving 844 clinical nurses from four tertiary A hospitals in Xi’an, China, between January and March 2024. Participants completed self-report questionnaires that included the Self-Compassion Scale, the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The data analysis involved descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis H rank-sum test, Spearman correlation analysis, and the SPSS PROCESS macro.

          Results

          A significant positive correlation was observed between clinical nurses’ self-compassion and moral resilience ( r = 0.700, p < 0.01). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was identified between self-compassion and work engagement ( r = 0.455, p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between moral resilience and work engagement ( r = 0.510, p < 0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that moral resilience partially mediates the relationship between clinical nurses’ self-compassion and work engagement. The overall effect of self-compassion on work engagement ( β = 0.493) consists of both a direct effect ( β = 0.251) and an indirect effect mediated by moral resilience ( β = 0.242). Notably, the mediating effect accounts for 49.09% of the total effect.

          Conclusion

          Clinical nurses’ moral resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and work engagement. Nursing managers should prioritize fostering and enhancing the self-compassion and moral resilience of clinical nurses to effectively elevate their levels of work engagement. These targeted interventions can ultimately improve not only the mental health and professional well-being of nurses but also the overall quality of care delivered in medical institutions.

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          Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.

          Philip M Podsakoff, Scott MacKenzie, Jeong-Yeon Lee … (2003)
          Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings.
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            The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study

            W. Schaufeli (2006)
            Article 0 comments Cited 1050 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself

              Kristin Neff (2003)
              Article 0 comments Cited 989 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xingxing Liu: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2786491/overviewRole: Role: Role: Role:
                Fang He: Role: Role: Role:
                Tian Tian: Role: Role:
                Jun Zhang: Role: Role: Role:
                Yuanjiao Ji: Role: Role: Role:
                Yuexia Zhong: URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2791027/overviewRole: Role:
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health
                Title: Frontiers in Public Health
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 January 2025
                Publication date Collection: 2025
                Volume: 13
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1507539
                Affiliations
                Outpatient Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University , Xi’an, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Angela Stufano, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy

                Reviewed by: Rosa Lutete Geremias, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal

                Luis Manuel Mota de Sousa, Universidade Atlântica, Portugal

                *Correspondence: Yuexia Zhong, zhongyuexia2024@ 123456163.com

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1507539
                PMC ID: 11788411
                PubMed ID: 39902394
                SO-VID: 9ab61ab1-cf0e-47b3-9209-d025a2e4bf65
                Copyright © Copyright © 2025 Liu, He, Tian, Zhang, Ji and Zhong.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 14 October 2024
                Date accepted : 03 January 2025
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 15, Words: 11413
                Funding
                The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
                Categories
                Subject: Public Health
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                section-at-acceptance Occupational Health and Safety

                Keywords: self-compassion,moral resilience,work engagement,mental health,clinical nurses
                Data availability:
                Keywords: self-compassion, moral resilience, work engagement, mental health, clinical nurses

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