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      Biomechanical Comparison of Anterolateral Procedures Combined With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

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          Abstract

          Anterolateral soft tissue structures of the knee have a role in controlling anterolateral rotational laxity, and they may be damaged at the time of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures.

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          Most cited references46

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          Incidence and outcome after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: results from the Danish registry for knee ligament reconstructions.

          Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is poorly described because of its rare incidence and mainly small case series presented in the literature. The Danish ACL reconstruction registry has monitored the development in revision ACL reconstruction since 2005.
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            Classification of knee ligament instabilities. Part II. The lateral compartment.

            Lateral instability of the knee is less frequent but more disabling than medial instability of a comparable amount. At the same time the diagnostic tests for lateral instability are more subtle and more frequently misinterpreted. Posterolateral rotatory subluxation is demonstrated by an apparently positive posterior drawer test with the tibia in neutral rotation or by the external rotation-recurvatum test with the knee in extension. Anterolateral rotatory subluxation is present when the anterior drawer test with the tibia in neutral rotation demonstrates that the lateral tibial condyle appears to become more prominent or that both condyles appear to become equally prominent.
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              The anterolateral ligament: Anatomy, length changes and association with the Segond fracture.

              There have been differing descriptions of the anterolateral structures of the knee, and not all have been named or described clearly. The aim of this study was to provide a clear anatomical interpretation of these structures. We dissected 40 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees to view the relevant anatomy and identified a consistent structure in 33 knees (83%); we termed this the anterolateral ligament of the knee. This structure passes antero-distally from an attachment proximal and posterior to the lateral femoral epicondyle to the margin of the lateral tibial plateau, approximately midway between Gerdy's tubercle and the head of the fibula. The ligament is superficial to the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament proximally, from which it is distinct, and separate from the capsule of the knee. In the eight knees in which it was measured, we observed that the ligament was isometric from 0° to 60° of flexion of the knee, then slackened when the knee flexed further to 90° and was lengthened by imposing tibial internal rotation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Am J Sports Med
                The American journal of sports medicine
                SAGE Publications
                1552-3365
                0363-5465
                Feb 2017
                : 45
                : 2
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
                [2 ] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
                [3 ] Fortius Clinic, London, UK.
                [4 ] Musculoskeletal Surgery Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
                Article
                10.1177/0363546516681555
                28027653
                99f787f6-64c1-46a7-a79d-dd04ff43548f
                History

                Lemaire,MacIntosh,anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,anterolateral ligament

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