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      Making the future together: Shaping autism research through meaningful participation

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          Abstract

          Participatory research methods connect researchers with relevant communities to achieve shared goals. These methods can deliver results that are relevant to people’s lives and thus likely to have a positive impact. In the context of a large and growing body of autism research, with continued poor implementation, and some evidence of community dissatisfaction, there is a powerful case for participatory autism research. In order to develop a framework for such collaborative working, a UK seminar series was organised and co-produced by autistic and non-autistic people with academic, practitioner and lived expertise. This article reports on the outcomes from the series, identifying five topics relevant to building a community of practice in participatory research: Respect, Authenticity, Assumptions, Infrastructure and Empathy. Each topic is connected to a specific example from within and beyond research, to inspire new practices in the field. We call for the development of participatory research skills among the autism research community and the facilitation of greater autistic leadership of, and partnership in, research. Such work, if delivered to a high standard, is likely to lead to better translation into practice and improved outcomes for autistic people and those who support them.

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          A Ladder Of Citizen Participation

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            Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community.

            Recent public discussions suggest that there is much disagreement about the way autism is and should be described. This study sought to elicit the views and preferences of UK autism community members - autistic people, parents and their broader support network - about the terms they use to describe autism. In all, 3470 UK residents responded to an online survey on their preferred ways of describing autism and their rationale for such preferences. The results clearly show that people use many terms to describe autism. The most highly endorsed terms were 'autism' and 'on the autism spectrum', and to a lesser extent, 'autism spectrum disorder', for which there was consensus across community groups. The groups disagreed, however, on the use of several terms. The term 'autistic' was endorsed by a large percentage of autistic adults, family members/friends and parents but by considerably fewer professionals; 'person with autism' was endorsed by almost half of professionals but by fewer autistic adults and parents. Qualitative analysis of an open-ended question revealed the reasons underlying respondents' preferences. These findings demonstrate that there is no single way of describing autism that is universally accepted and preferred by the UK's autism community and that some disagreements appear deeply entrenched.
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              On the ontological status of autism: the ‘double empathy problem’

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Autism
                Autism
                AUT
                spaut
                Autism
                SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                1362-3613
                1461-7005
                10 August 2018
                May 2019
                : 23
                : 4
                : 943-953
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The University of Edinburgh, UK
                [2 ]Flow Observatorium, UK
                [3 ]Autism Rights Group Highland, UK
                [4 ]King’s College London, UK
                [5 ]University College London, UK
                [6 ]Autistica, UK
                [7 ]Cardiff University, UK
                [8 ]Participatory Autism Research Collective, UK
                [9 ]University of Kent, UK
                [10 ]Newcastle University, UK
                [11 ]Macquarie University, Australia
                Author notes
                [*]Sue Fletcher-Watson, Patrick Wild Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Morningside Terrace, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK. Email: sue.fletcher-watson@ 123456ed.ac.uk
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2688-1734
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-3490
                Article
                10.1177_1362361318786721
                10.1177/1362361318786721
                6512245
                30095277
                992ad676-285e-4c33-9757-9f70a67768d8
                © The Author(s) 2018

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000269;
                Award ID: ES/M00225X/1
                Funded by: Leverhulme Trust, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000275;
                Award ID: Philip Leverhulme Prize
                Categories
                Original Articles

                autism,community,disability rights,involvement,methods,participatory research

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