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      Essential oils from Citrus x aurantium and Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) have anesthetic activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT This study investigated the anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) from the peel of Citrus x aurantium (EOCA) and Citrus x latifolia (EOCL) on silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOCA and EOCL to determine time of anesthesia induction and recovery. Induction of anesthesia was observed in all fish exposed to 400, 600 or 800 μL L−1 EOCA and 300, 400 or 500 μL L−1 EOCL. Another group of fish were exposed for 8 h to 50, 100, or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs. Overall, fish exposed to ethanol and both EOs presented higher ventilatory frequencies (VF) than the control group throughout the 8 h of exposure. Net ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) effluxes and ammonia excretion were significantly lower in fish exposed to 50, 100 or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs compared to control fish. Mortality was 37% in fish exposed to 200 μL L−1 of either EOs after 8 h. These findings suggest that EOCA and EOCL are useful anesthetics and sedatives for Rhamdia quelen, but their usefulness as alternatives to reduce stress in fish transportation at the lower concentrations tested (50-100 µL L−1) deserves further study.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O efeito anestésico dos óleos essenciais (OEs) da casca de Citrus x aurantium (OECA) e Citrus x latifolia (OECL) em jundiá Rhamdia quelen foi investigado. Os peixes foram expostos a diferentes concentrações de OECA e OECL para determinar o tempo de indução e recuperação da anestesia. Todos peixes expostos a 400, 600 ou 800 μL L−1 OECA e 300, 400 ou 500 μL L−1 OECL foram anestesiados. Outro grupo de peixes foi exposto aos OEs durante 8 h a 50, 100 ou 200 μL L−1. Peixes expostos ao etanol e aos OEs apresentaram VF maior que o grupo controle durante as 8 h de exposição. Os efluxos líquidos de Na+, K+, Cl− e a excreção de amônia foram significativamente menores nos peixes expostos a 50, 100 ou 200 μL L−1 dos OEs em comparação com o grupo controle. A mortalidade foi de 37% nos peixes expostos a 200 μL L−1 de ambos os OEs após 8 h. Os resultados sugerem que OECA e OECL são anestésicos e sedativos úteis para o jundiá, mas sua utilidade como alternativa para reduzir o estresse no transporte de peixes nas concentrações mais baixas testadas (50-100 μL L−1) necessita de estudos adicionais.

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          Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office.

          The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of the essential oils of orange and lavender on anxiety, mood, alertness and calmness in dental patients. Two hundred patients between the ages of 18 and 77 years (half women, half men) were assigned to one of four independent groups. While waiting for dental procedures patients were either stimulated with ambient odor of orange or ambient odor of lavender. These conditions were compared to a music condition and a control condition (no odor, no music). Anxiety, mood, alertness and calmness were assessed while patients waited for dental treatment. Statistical analyses revealed that compared to control condition both ambient odors of orange and lavender reduced anxiety and improved mood in patients waiting for dental treatment. These findings support the previous opinion that odors are capable of altering emotional states and may indicate that the use of odors is helpful in reducing anxiety in dental patients.
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            The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

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              Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Aquatic Animals

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2018
                : 16
                : 2
                : e170152
                Affiliations
                [3] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Brazil bia.schindler@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Farmácia Industrial Brazil berta.heinzmann@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Brazil carinedefs@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [1] Chapadinha Maranhão orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Brazil janemellolopes@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S1679-62252018000200204 S1679-6225(18)01600200204
                10.1590/1982-0224-20170152
                98ea5b9c-3589-47fb-b19a-2fdcb909aead

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 November 2017
                : 11 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 77, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Fluxo de íons,Ion fluxes,Lemon oil,Orange oil,Ventilatory frequency,Óleo de laranja,Frequência ventilatória,Anestesia,Anesthesia,Óleo de limão

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