Association of Breastfeeding Duration, Nonnutritive Sucking Habits, and Malocclusion

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Abstract

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the associations between breastfeeding, nonnutritive sucking habits (NNSHs), and malocclusion in deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition.

Materials and methods

A sample of 50 children between 3 and 12 years, enrolled in a pediatric dentistry dental care program, underwent orthodontic examination for detection of occlusal patterns and malocclusion. In addition, data regarding breastfeeding duration and NNSH acquisition were obtained from standardized questionnaires responded by the children’s parents or legal guardians.

Results

Regardless of a long period of breastfeeding, a high incidence of NNSH in the evaluated sample was observed. Nevertheless, the presence of NNSHs was not significantly associated with malocclusion.

Conclusion

The findings could not indicate a statistically significant association between breastfeeding duration, acquisition of NNSHs, and malocclusion. Longitudinal studies with larger samples are still needed to better support clinical decisions.

How to cite this article: Roscoe MG, da Silva Bonifacio SV, da Silva TB, Pingueiro JMS, Lemos MM, Feres MFN. Association of Breastfeeding Duration, Nonnutritive Sucking Habits, and Malocclusion. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(1):18-22.

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Most cited references 24

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Breast feeding, bottle feeding, and non-nutritive sucking; effects on occlusion in deciduous dentition.

D Viggiano, Maria Chiara G. Monaco, L Strohmenger … (2004)

To assess the effect of the type of feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity on occlusion in deciduous dentition. Retrospective study of 1130 preschool children (3-5 years of age) who had detailed infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking activity history collected by a structured questionnaire. They all had an oral examination by a dentist, blinded to different variables evaluated. Non-nutritive sucking activity has a substantial effect on altered occlusion, while the effect of bottle feeding is less marked. The type of feeding did not have an effect on open bite, which was associated (89% of children with open bite) with non-nutritive sucking. Posterior cross-bite was more frequent in bottle fed children and in those with non-nutritive sucking activity. The percentage of cross-bite was lower in breast fed children with non-nutritive sucking activity (5%) than in bottle fed children with non-nutritive sucking activity (13%). Data show that non-nutritive sucking activity rather than the type of feeding in the first months of life is the main risk factor for development of altered occlusion and open bite in deciduous dentition. Children with non-nutritive sucking activity and being bottle fed had more than double the risk of posterior cross-bite. Breast feeding seems to have a protective effect on development of posterior cross-bite in deciduous dentition.

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Duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition.

Frederick Warren, Samir Bishara (2002)

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and various occlusal characteristics in the primary dentition. Sucking behavior data were collected on 372 children followed longitudinally from birth by using periodic questionnaires completed by parents. Study models were obtained from the children at 4 to 5 years of age and assessed for posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and overjet. Dental arch parameters including arch widths, arch lengths, and arch depths were measured directly from the models. The subjects were grouped according to type of habit (pacifier or digit) and duration of nonnutritive sucking behaviors (less than 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, 36 to 48, and more than 48 months). Children with nonnutritive sucking of less than 12 months were further grouped according to the duration of breast-feeding. The dental arch and the occlusal characteristics were then compared among these groups. The results indicated no relationship between duration of breast-feeding during the first year of life and any dental arch or occlusal parameters. The study found that prolonged pacifier habits resulted in changes to the dental arches and the occlusal parameters that were different from the effects of digit sucking. In addition, some changes in the dental arch parameters and occlusal characteristics (eg, prevalence of posterior crossbite and increased amount of overjet) persisted well beyond the cessation of the pacifier or digit habit. Although further study is needed to determine the effects of nonnutritive sucking behavior in the mixed dentition, the results suggest that current recommendations for discontinuing these habits may not be optimal in preventing habit-related malocclusions.

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Longitudinal study of habits leading to malocclusion development in childhood

Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz, Artênio Garbin, Arinilson Lima … (2014)

Background The increased prevalence of malocclusions represents a secular trend attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The analysis of factors related to the causes of these changes is essential for planning public health policies aimed at preventing and clinically intercepting malocclusion. This study investigated the sucking habits, nocturnal mouth breathing, as well as the relation of these factors with malocclusion. Methods This is a longitudinal study in which 80 mother-child pairs were monitored from the beginning of pregnancy to the 30th month after childbirth. Home visits for interviews with the mothers were made on the 12th, 18th and 30th months of age. Finger sucking, pacifier sucking, bottle feeding, breastfeeding and nocturnal mouth breathing, were the variables studies. On the 30th month, clinical examinations were performed for overjet, overbite and posterior crossbite. A previously calibrated single examiner (Kappa coefficient = 0.92) was responsible for all examinations. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests, at a significance level of 5%. Results Bottle feeding was the most prevalent habit at 12, 18 and 30 months (87.5%; 90% and 96.25%, respectively). Breastfeeding was 40%, 25% and 12.50% at 12, 18 and 30 months, respectively. Nearly 70% of the children in this study had some sort of malocclusion. Pacifier sucking habit at 12, 18 and 30 months of age was associated with overjet and open bite; and at 30 months, an association with overbite was also observed. Finger sucking habit and breastfeeding at 12, 18 and 30 months were also associated with overjet and open bite. The posterior crossbite was associated with bottle feeding at 12 and 30 months, and nocturnal mouth breathers at 12 and 18 months. Conclusions Sucking habits, low rates of breastfeeding, and nocturnal mouth breathing were risk factors for malocclusion.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Clin Pediatr Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Clin Pediatr Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCPD

Title: International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers

ISSN (Print): 0974-7052

ISSN (Electronic): 0975-1904

Publication date (Print): Jan-Feb 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 01 February 2017

Volume: 11

Issue: 1

Pages: 18-22

Affiliations

[1 ]Assistant Professor, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

[2 ]Undergraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sao Francisco University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

[3 ]Undergraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Sao Francisco University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

[4 ]Postgraduate Student, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

[5 ]Assistant Professor, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

[6 ]Assistant Professor, Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Author notes

Marina G Roscoe, Assistant Professor Dental Research Division, Department of Orthodontics Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Phone: +551124641758 e-mail: marina.roscoe@prof.ung.br

Article

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1477

PMC ID: 5968157

SO-VID: 98a441b5-972a-4929-979b-d2d8f4d874e7

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

History

Date received : 16 December 2017

Date accepted : 27 December 2017

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Association of Breastfeeding Duration, Nonnutritive Sucking Habits, and Malocclusion

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Most cited references 24

Breast feeding, bottle feeding, and non-nutritive sucking; effects on occlusion in deciduous dentition.

Duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition.

Longitudinal study of habits leading to malocclusion development in childhood

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