Synthesis and Characterization of Biochar from Crab Shell by Pyrolysis

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Abstract

Carapace, which is part of the crab shell exoskeletons were analysed through structural and chemical methods. This material was compared between grinded and ungrinded process. This two processes resulted product called biochar. SEM-EDS, FT-Ir, XRD, TG-DSC, AAS, and PSA were conducted to characterized biochar. The SEM images showed different in biochar particles size. The composition of biochar differ for each pyrolyzed temperature, where Ca was the dominant element and C was the poor element. FT-Ir spectra provided different spectra for biochar prepared at 500-600 °C and biochar prepared at 700-900 °C. XRD data showed that calcite and lime-based biochar depend on pyrolyzed temperature. Thermal analysis generated that biochar decomposed into three main stages. Otherwise, biochar through grinded step give resemble result as like biochar without grinded step, but has smaller particle size, which means grinded process did not give significant effect both structural and chemical composition, but give any effect on particle size. Furthermore, these study indicate that biochar potentially can be used as adsorbent.

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Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils: Mechanisms and future directions

Hongyuan Deng, Vanita Sachdeva, Ben W. Thomas … (2015)

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Soil carbon sequestration and biochar as negative emission technologies

Pete Smith (2016)

Despite 20 years of effort to curb emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions grew faster during the 2000s than in the 1990s, which presents a major challenge for meeting the international goal of limiting warming to <2 °C relative to the preindustrial era. Most recent scenarios from integrated assessment models require large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) to reach the 2 °C target. A recent analysis of NETs, including direct air capture, enhanced weathering, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and afforestation/deforestation, showed that all NETs have significant limits to implementation, including economic cost, energy requirements, land use, and water use. In this paper, I assess the potential for negative emissions from soil carbon sequestration and biochar addition to land, and also the potential global impacts on land use, water, nutrients, albedo, energy and cost. Results indicate that soil carbon sequestration and biochar have useful negative emission potential (each 0.7 GtCeq. yr(-1) ) and that they potentially have lower impact on land, water use, nutrients, albedo, energy requirement and cost, so have fewer disadvantages than many NETs. Limitations of soil carbon sequestration as a NET centre around issues of sink saturation and reversibility. Biochar could be implemented in combination with bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Current integrated assessment models do not represent soil carbon sequestration or biochar. Given the negative emission potential of SCS and biochar and their potential advantages compared to other NETs, efforts should be made to include these options within IAMs, so that their potential can be explored further in comparison with other NETs for climate stabilization.