Penile length and circumference: are they related to nose size?

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Abstract

Background

We investigated the relationship between the size of the penis and that of the nose.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 1,160 patients whose nose and penis sizes were measured. These participants were selected from a subset of 1,531 patients who visited the Dr. JOMULJU Urology Clinic between March and October 2022. Patients aged <20 years and those who underwent surgery for the nose and penis were excluded. Nose size was determined by measuring the length, width, and height of the nose, which were used to calculate the volume of the triangular pyramid. Stretched penile length (SPL) and penile circumference before erection were measured. The participants’ height, weight, foot size, and serum testosterone levels were measured. Testicular size was measured using ultrasonography. Predictors of penile length and circumference were assessed using linear regression analysis.

Results

The participants’ average age was 35.5 years, mean SPL was 11.2 cm, and mean penile circumference was 6.8 cm. Univariate analysis revealed that body weight, body mass index (BMI), the serum testosterone level, and nose size were associated with SPL. Multivariable analysis revealed that BMI (P=0.001) and nose size (P=0.023) were significant predictors of SPL. Univariate analysis revealed that penile circumference was related to an individual’s height, weight, BMI, nose size, and foot size. Multivariable analysis revealed that body weight (P=0.008) and testicular size (P=0.002) were significant predictors of penile circumference.

Conclusions

Nose size was a significant predictor of penile size. The sizes of the penis and nose increased with a decrease in BMI. This interesting study confirms the truth of an erstwhile myth about penis size.

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Most cited references 23

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Meta-analysis of digit ratio 2D:4D shows greater sex difference in the right hand.

Johannes Hönekopp, Steven Watson (2015)

Our aims are, first, to describe the sex difference in the length ratio of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D), which likely reflects prenatal testosterone levels in humans. Second, to infer the loss of reliability observed in 2D:4D based on self-measured finger lengths. We used random-effects meta-analysis of 2D:4D based on expert-measured finger lengths (116 samples with 13,260 females and 11,789 males). We find a moderate sex difference (with lower 2D:4D for males), which shows substantial heterogeneity (which is unrelated to age). The sex difference is moderated by the type of finger length measurement and by hand. Measurement involving the distortion of soft tissue leads to a significantly larger sex difference than finger length measurement avoiding this. The sex difference in 2D:4D is larger in the right hand than in the left. The reliability of self-measured 2D:4D in the BBC internet study, by far the largest study on 2D:4D, is estimated to be 46% of that of expert-measured 2D:4D. Right-hand 2D:4D might be a better indicator of prenatal androgenisation than left-hand 2D:4D. The view that 2D:4D has allometric properties (Kratochvil L, Flegr J. 2009. Differences in 2nd to 4th digit length ratio in humans reflect shifts along the common allometric line. Biol Lett 5:643-646.) is not supported. Bone lengths contribute to the sex difference in 2D:4D. In addition, there might be a sex difference in fingers' soft tissue, which should be investigated. Because of measurement unreliability, correlations between 2D:4D and variables of interest are about one-third smaller in the BBC internet study than in studies in which 2D:4D is based on expert-measured finger lengths. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Biometric Evidence that Sexual Selection Has Shaped the Hominin Face

Eleanor Weston, Adrian Friday, Pietro Liò (2007)

We consider sex differences in human facial morphology in the context of developmental change. We show that at puberty, the height of the upper face, between the lip and the brow, develops differently in males and females, and that these differences are not explicable in terms of sex differences in body size. We find the same dimorphism in the faces of human ancestors. We propose that the relative shortening in men and lengthening in women of the anterior upper face at puberty is the mechanistic consequence of extreme maxillary rotation during ontogeny. A link between this developmental model and sexual dimorphism is made for the first time, and provides a new set of morphological criteria to sex human crania. This finding has important implications for the role of sexual selection in the evolution of anthropoid faces and for theories of human facial attractiveness.

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Androgen action in the masculinization programming window and development of male reproductive organs.

Raymond Welsh, M Fisken, Richard Sharpe … (2010)

We have shown previously that deficient androgen action within a masculinization programming window (MPW; e15.5-e18.5 in rats) is important in the origin of male reproductive disorders and in programming male reproductive organ size, but that androgen action postnatally may be important to achieve this size. To further investigate importance of the MPW, we used two rat models, in which foetal androgen production or action was impaired during the MPW by exposing in utero to either di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) or to flutamide. Reduced anogenital distance (AGD) was used as a monitor of androgen production/action during the MPW. Offspring were evaluated in early puberty (Pnd25) to establish if reproductive organ size was altered. The testes, penis, ventral prostate (VP) and seminal vesicles (SV) were weighed and penis length measured. Both DBP and flutamide exposure in the MPW significantly reduced penis, VP and SV size along with AGD at Pnd25; AGD and organ size were highly correlated. In DBP-, but not flutamide-, exposed animals, testis weight was also reduced and correlated with AGD. Intratesticular testosterone was also measured in control and DBP-exposed males during (e17.5) or after (e21.5) the MPW and related to AGD at e21.5. To evaluate the importance of postnatal androgen action in reproductive organ growth, the effect of combinations of prenatal and postnatal maternal treatments on AGD and penis size at Pnd25 was evaluated. In prenatally DBP-exposed animals, further postnatal exposure to either DBP or flutamide significantly reduced AGD and penis size in comparison with prenatal DBP exposure alone. In comparison, rats exposed postnatally to testosterone propionate after prenatal vehicle-exposure showed considerable increase in these parameters vs. controls. In conclusion, we show that the size of all male reproductive organs is programmed by androgen exposure in the MPW, but that growth towards this size is dependent on androgen action postnatally.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transl Androl Urol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transl Androl Urol

Journal ID (publisher-id): TAU

Title: Translational Andrology and Urology

Publisher: AME Publishing Company

ISSN (Print): 2223-4683

ISSN (Electronic): 2223-4691

Publication date (Electronic): 09 May 2023

Publication date (Print): 31 May 2023

Volume: 12

Issue: 5

Pages: 708-714

Affiliations

[1 ]Dr. JOMULJU Urology Clinic , Seoul, Korea;

[2 ]MIND Plastic Surgery Clinic , Seoul, Korea;

[3 ]deptDepartment of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Ulsan, Korea

Author notes

Contributions: (I) Conception and design: S Hong, T Kwon; (II) Administrative support: S Hong, T Kwon; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: All authors; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of the manuscript: All authors.

Correspondence to: Taekmin Kwon, MD, PhD. Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunwando-ro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Korea. Email: tmkwon@ 123456uuh.ulsan.kr .

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ORCID: 0000-0003-2280-319X.

Article

Publisher ID: tau-12-05-708

DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-869

PMC ID: 10251097

SO-VID: 9822fcbb-def9-4636-92c5-1e7378c6f088

License:

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

Penile length and circumference: are they related to nose size?

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Most cited references 23

Meta-analysis of digit ratio 2D:4D shows greater sex difference in the right hand.

Biometric Evidence that Sexual Selection Has Shaped the Hominin Face

Androgen action in the masculinization programming window and development of male reproductive organs.

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