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      Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural area of Brazil Translated title: Prevalência da síndrome metabólica em área rural do Brasil

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

          Metabolic syndrome (MS) is recognized worldwide as an important public health concern. However, little information is available for rural populations in Brazil. The aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with MS in a rural village in Brazil in 2004.

          DESIGN AND SETTING:

          Cross-sectional population-based study, in Virgem das Graças, a rural community in the Jequitinhonha Valley, State of Minas Gerais.

          METHODS:

          MS was the dependent variable, defined as any three of these risk factors: arterial hypertension, high glucose or triglyceride concentrations, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and abdominal obesity. MS prevalence, according to selected socioeconomic and demographic variables (age, skin color, marital status, schooling and smoking habits), was determined in 251 subjects aged 20-88 years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.

          RESULTS:

          MS prevalence was 21.6% (7.7% for men and 33.6% for women); the age-adjusted prevalence was 19.0%. The highest prevalences were observed for women > 60 years of age (52.9%) and women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 (64%). Age, sex and BMI were associated risk factors for MS, while skin color was only significantly associated with MS for women. The models were adjusted for age, smoking habits, marital status, skin color and schooling.

          CONCLUSIONS:

          BMI and age were independently associated factors for MS in this rural community. These findings provide important evidence on the prevalence of MS as a public health problem, particularly for women and overweight individuals.

          RESUMO

          OBJETIVO E CONTEXTO:

          A síndrome metabólica (SM) é reconhecida mundialmente como importante problema de saúde pública e tem apresentado prevalência crescente. Entretanto, existe pouca informação sobre prevalência da SM em populações rurais brasileiras. Este estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados a SM em uma comunidade rural do Brasil, em 2004.

          TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:

          Estudo transversal de base populacional, conduzido em Virgem das Graças, comunidade rural localizada no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2004.

          MÉTODOS:

          SM foi definida pelo critério do National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATP III) como a co-ocorrência de pelo menos três dos seguintes fatores: hipertensão arterial, altos níveis séricos de glicose ou triglicérides, baixos níveis da lipoproteína de alta densidade, e obesidade abdominal. A prevalência de SM foi calculada segundo variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas em 251 pessoas (117 homens, 134 mulheres) com idades entre 20-88 anos. Utilizou-se regressão logística para estimar odds ratio (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95%.

          RESULTADOS:

          Prevalência da SM foi 21,6% (7,7% para os homens e 33,6% para as mulheres). A prevalência global ajustada por idade foi 19,0%. Prevalências altas foram encontradas em mulheres > 60 anos (52,9 %) e em mulheres com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) ≥ 25 (64%). A análise ajustada por hábito de fumar, status marital, cor de pele e escolaridade revelou que o sobrepeso e sexo feminino e a idade como principais fatores de risco relacionado à SM.

          CONCLUSÕES:

          A síndrome metabólica representa um potencial problema de saúde pública particularmente em mulheres e indivíduos com sobrepeso na área rural estudada. O sobrepeso, a idade acima de 60 anos e o sexo feminino foram considerados fatores independendentes associados a essa condição.

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          Most cited references51

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          Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.

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            Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)

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              Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation.

              The classification of diabetes mellitus and the tests used for its diagnosis were brought into order by the National Diabetes Data Group of the USA and the second World Health Organization Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus in 1979 and 1980. Apart from minor modifications by WHO in 1985, little has been changed since that time. There is however considerable new knowledge regarding the aetiology of different forms of diabetes as well as more information on the predictive value of different blood glucose values for the complications of diabetes. A WHO Consultation has therefore taken place in parallel with a report by an American Diabetes Association Expert Committee to re-examine diagnostic criteria and classification. The present document includes the conclusions of the former and is intended for wide distribution and discussion before final proposals are submitted to WHO for approval. The main changes proposed are as follows. The diagnostic fasting plasma (blood) glucose value has been lowered to > or =7.0 mmol l(-1) (6.1 mmol l(-1)). Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) is changed to allow for the new fasting level. A new category of Impaired Fasting Glycaemia (IFG) is proposed to encompass values which are above normal but below the diagnostic cut-off for diabetes (plasma > or =6.1 to or =5.6 to <6.1 mmol l(-1)). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) now includes gestational impaired glucose tolerance as well as the previous GDM. The classification defines both process and stage of the disease. The processes include Type 1, autoimmune and non-autoimmune, with beta-cell destruction; Type 2 with varying degrees of insulin resistance and insulin hyposecretion; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; and Other Types where the cause is known (e.g. MODY, endocrinopathies). It is anticipated that this group will expand as causes of Type 2 become known. Stages range from normoglycaemia to insulin required for survival. It is hoped that the new classification will allow better classification of individuals and lead to fewer therapeutic misjudgements.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                03 May 2007
                2007
                : 125
                : 3
                : 155-162
                Author notes
                [Address for correspondence: ] Gustavo Velásquez-Meléndez Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Enfermagem Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190 Belo Horizonte (MG) — Brasil — CEP 30130-100 Tel. (+55 31) 3248-9868 — Fax. (+55 31) 3248-9859 E-mail: guveme@ 123456ufmg.br

                Conflict of interest: Not declared

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802007000300006
                11020586
                17923940
                9819c6fa-8b3e-4230-81fc-e8813e847dfe

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 08 May 2006
                : 22 May 2007
                : 23 May 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Original Article

                metabolic syndrome x,hypertension,obesity,body mass index,rural population,brazil,síndrome x metabólica,hipertensão,obesidade,índice de massa corporal,população rural,brasil

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