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      Calidad en la asistencia en neumonía aguda comunitaria en una clínica médica del Hospital de Clínicas en el período de 2010 a 2014 Translated title: Quality of health care for patients with acute pneumonia in a medical clinic of the university hospital between 2010 and 2014 Translated title: Qualidade da assistência em pneumonia aguda comunitária em uma clínica médica do Hospital de Clínicas no período 2010-2014

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Introducción: el cumplimiento de las guías de práctica clínica en el manejo de la neumonía aguda comunitaria se desconoce en Uruguay. Objetivo: evaluar el cumplimiento de las guías de práctica clínica en pacientes inmunocompetentes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de neumonía aguda comunitaria en una Clínica Médica del Hospital de Clínicas. Metodología: estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se estudiaron variables patronímicas, clínicas e indicadores de calidad asistencial de acuerdo con estándares internacionales. El nivel de cumplimiento de los indicadores se clasificó como óptimo cuando el cumplimiento fue > 90%, intermedio entre 60% y 90% y bajo cuando fue < 60%. Se utilizaron como guías de referencia ConsenSur II e IDSA. Resultados: se incluyeron 143 pacientes, 62,9% de sexo femenino (88/140), con una mediana de edad de 57 (38-73) años. La población estudiada se caracterizó por una mediana de Charlson de 1 (0-3), mediana de internación de 10 (7-14) días y 26,6% (38/143) de pacientes con criterios de neumonía severa. En cuanto al cumplimento de indicadores de calidad: ninguno se cumple en nivel óptimo, tres en nivel intermedio (hemocultivos en pacientes con neumonía severa, hemocultivos previo a antibióticos y administración de antibióticos dentro de las primeras 8 horas), mientras que cuatro variables que evalúan el uso de antibiótico apropiado, según las guías y la prevención de la neumonía, tienen un cumplimiento en nivel bajo. Conclusiones: ninguno de los indicadores evaluados alcanzó un nivel óptimo. Se deben realizar intervenciones para mejorar la calidad en asistencia en la neumonía.

          Translated abstract

          Summary: Introduction: the extent to which clinical practice guidelines in the handling of community acquired acute pneumonia are observed is not known in Uruguay. Objective: to assess the degree of compliance with the clinical guidelines in immunocompetent patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in a medical clinic of the University Hospital. Method: observational, retrospective study. Patronymic and clinical variables, and quality of health care indicators were analysed as per international standards. The degree of compliance with indicators was classified as ideal when compliance was > 90%, intermediate when it was between 60% and 90% and low when it was < 60%. ConsenSur II and IDSA were the reference guidelines used. Results: 143 patients were included in the study, 6.9 % were female (88/140), with a median age of 57 years old (38-73). The population studied was characterized by Charlson median of 1 (0-3), hospitalization median of 10 (7-14) days and 26.6% (38/143) of patients with acute pneumonia criteria. As to compliance with quality of health care indicators: none of them is ideal, 3 in intermediate level (hemoculture in patients with acute pneumonia, hemoculture prior to antibiotic therapy and administration of antibiotics within the first 8 hours), while 4 variables that assess the use of the appropriate antibiotic according to the guidelines and the prevention of pneumonia evidence a low level of compliance. Conclusions: none of the assessed indicators evidenced an ideal level of compliance. Interventions are required to improve quality in health care for patients with pneumonia.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Introdução: o cumprimento das guias de prática clínica no manejo da pneumonia aguda comunitária não é conhecido no Uruguai. Objetivo: avaliar o cumprimento das guias de prática clínica em pacientes imunocompetentes hospitalizados com diagnóstico de pneumonia aguda comunitária em uma Clínica Médica do Hospital de Clínicas. Metodologia: estudo observacional retrospectivo. Foram estudadas variáveis patronímicas e clínicas, e indicadores de qualidade assistencial de acordo com padrões internacionais. O nível de cumprimento dos indicadores foi classificado como ótimo quando o cumprimento foi > 90%, intermédio entre 60 e 90% e baixo quando foi < 60%. As guias ConsenSur II e IDSA foram utilizadas como guias de referência. Resultados: foram incluídos 143 pacientes, sendo 62,9 % de sexo feminino (88/140), com una mediana de idade de 57 (38-73) anos. A população estudada caracterizou-se por uma mediana de Charlson de 1 (0-3), mediana de internação de 10 (7-14) dias e 26,6% (38/143) dos pacientes com critérios de pneumonia severa. Com relação ao cumprimento de indicadores de qualidade: nenhum em nível óptimo, 3 em nível intermédio (hemoculturas em pacientes com pneumonia severa, hemoculturas prévia a antibióticos e administração de antibióticos nas primeiras 8 horas), enquanto 4 variáveis que avaliam o uso de antibiótico apropriado segundo as guias e a prevenção da pneumonia tem um cumprimento em nível baixo. Conclusões: nenhum dos indicadores avaliados alcançou um nível ótimo. É necessário realizar intervenções para melhorar a qualidade da assistência na pneumonia.

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          Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team.

          Approximately half of otherwise healthy adults with invasive pneumococcal disease are cigarette smokers. We conducted a population-based case-control study to assess the importance of cigarette smoking and other factors as risk factors for pneumococcal infections. We identified immunocompetent patients who were 18 to 64 years old and who had invasive pneumococcal disease (as defined by the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site) by active surveillance of laboratories in metropolitan Atlanta, Baltimore, and Toronto. Telephone interviews were conducted with 228 patients and 301 control subjects who were reached by random-digit dialing. Fifty-eight percent of the patients and 24 percent of the control subjects were current smokers. Invasive pneumococcal disease was associated with cigarette smoking (odds ratio, 4.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 7.3) and with passive smoking among nonsmokers (odds ratio, 2.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.1) after adjustment by logistic-regression analysis for age, study site, and independent risk factors such as male sex, black race, chronic illness, low level of education, and living with young children who were in day care. There were dose-response relations for the current number of cigarettes smoked per day, pack-years of smoking, and time since quitting. The adjusted population attributable risk was 51 percent for cigarette smoking, 17 percent for passive smoking, and 14 percent for chronic illness. Cigarette smoking is the strongest independent risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease among immunocompetent, nonelderly adults. Because of the high prevalence of smoking and the large population attributable risk, programs to reduce both smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke have the potential to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease.
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            Timing of antibiotic administration and outcomes for Medicare patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.

            Pneumonia accounts for more than 600 000 Medicare hospitalizations yearly. Guidelines have recommended antibiotic treatment within 8 hours of arrival at the hospital. We performed a retrospective study using medical records from a national random sample of 18 209 Medicare patients older than 65 years who were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia from July 1998 through March 1999. Outcomes were severity-adjusted mortality, readmission within 30 days of discharge, and length of stay (LOS). Among 13 771 (75.6%) patients who had not received outpatient antibiotic agents, antibiotic administration within 4 hours of arrival at the hospital was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality (6.8% vs 7.4%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-0.98), mortality within 30 days of admission (11.6% vs 12.7%; AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76-0.95), and LOS exceeding the 5-day median (42.1% vs 45.1%; AOR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96). Mean LOS was 0.4 days shorter with antibiotic administration within 4 hours than with later administration. Timing was not associated with readmission. Antibiotic administration within 4 hours of arrival was documented for 60.9% of all patients and for more than 50% of patients regardless of hospital characteristics. Antibiotic administration within 4 hours of arrival was associated with decreased mortality and LOS among a random sample of older inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia who had not received antibiotics as outpatients. Administration within 4 hours can prevent deaths in the Medicare population, offers cost savings for hospitals, and is feasible for most inpatients.
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              A Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: A US Public Health Service Report

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmu
                Revista Médica del Uruguay
                Rev. Méd. Urug.
                Sindicato Médico del Uruguay (Montevideo, , Uruguay )
                0303-3295
                1688-0390
                2020
                : 36
                : 2
                : 12-35
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas Uruguay
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas Uruguay
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas Uruguay
                Article
                S1688-03902020000200012 S1688-0390(20)03600200012
                10.29193/rmu.36.2.1
                9804e28f-dbf9-4bb1-822a-a9e8bb6aa2d3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 April 2019
                : 18 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Neumonía,Pneumonia,Quality of health care,Community acquired infections,Practice guidelines,Infecciones comunitarias adquiridas,Qualidade da assistência à saúde,Guias de prática clínica,Infecções comunitárias adquiridas,Calidad de la atención de salud,Guías de práctica clínica

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