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      Federalismo e descentralização na Constituição de 1988: processo decisório, conflitos e alianças Translated title: Fédéralisme et décentralisation dans la Constitution de 1988: processus décisoire, conflits et alliances Translated title: Federalism and decentralization in the 1988 Constitution: the decision-making process, conflicts, and alliances

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          Translated abstract

          La "troisième vague de démocratisation" a produit des expériences et des résultats différents selon les pays quelle a touchés. Dans les uns, la redémocratisation a impliqué lélaboration des constitutions "refondatrices", menant à de nouveaux pactes et engagements politiques et sociaux. Dans dautres, la redémocratisation fut doublée dune décentralisation politique et financière favorisant les gouvernements sous-nationaux. Dans plusieurs pays fédérés, la redémocratisation, la décentralisation et les nouvelles constitutions ont changé le rôle des entités fédératives. Le Brésil constitue un exemple où tous ces facteurs sont intervenus en même temps. Le travail cherche à analyser le processus décisoire mis en place par lAssemblée Nationale Constituante de 1988 concernant des changements dans la fédération, ainsi que la décision de décentraliser les pouvoirs politique et financier, remis à des instances sous-nationales. La (re)construction dun système fédéral orienté vers le partage du pouvoir politique et tributaire sans provoquer un déséquilibre entre les entités fédératives étant une tâche intrinsèquement contradictoire, cela a forcement crée des conflits et des tensions. À partir des données empiriques, le travail cherche à comprendre: a) le paradoxe dun pays dont lagenda de problèmes exige des politiques nationales mais qui a néanmoins décidé de décentraliser ses pouvoirs politiques et financier; et b) les conflits, les alliances et les contradictions crées par les décisions prises par les constituants par rapport à la fédération, dans un moment donné de son histoire.

          Translated abstract

          The "third wave of democratization" has produced different experiences and results in countries that have participated in it. In some, redemocratization has meant the drafting of "refounding" constitutions, generating new political and social pacts and commitments. In others, redemocratization has been accompanied by policy-making and financial decentralization to sub-national governmental levels. In many federal countries, redemocratization, decentralization, and new constitutions have changed the role of federative bodies. In Brazil, all these factors have occurred simultaneously. This article analyzes the decision-making process in the National Constituent Assembly vis-à-vis changes in the Federation and the decision to decentralize policy-making and financial power to the sub-national levels. The (re)construction of a federal system focused on the division of political and fiscal power without leading to an imbalance between the federative bodies is an intrinsically contradictory task, thereby generating conflicts and tensions. Based on empirical data, the study seeks to understand a) the paradox of a country with an agenda of problems that require national policies in the decision to decentralize political and financial power and b) the conflicts, alliances, and contradictions generated by the decisions made by members of the Constituent Assembly in relation to the Federation at that specific moment in history.

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          Os Barões da Federação: Os Governadores e a Redemocratização Brasileira

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            Extended Abstracts

            The soccer athlete has a greater incidence of overuse and acute knee injuries and as a consequence is at most risk for chondropenia and osteoarthritis. Chondropenia conceptually defines the complex nature of the multivariable processes over time including acute and chronic injury, modulators and the aging process. The role of the Sports Medicine team is to prevent injury, restore the joint and ultimately return the athlete to sport while preventing Osteoarthritis. The clinical consequences of full thickness Articular Cartilage defects are pain, swelling, mechanical symptoms athletic and functional disability and osteoarthitis. In the soccer athlete it is articular cartilage that confers the highest levels of performance. It is the fact that any partial or full thickness loss results in loss of day to day resilience and a spectrum of soreness, stiffness, pain and swelling and most importantly. These injuries may be career- ending In this group of high demand participants any increase in activity and loading beyond the articular cartilage threshold for injury, results in a clinical overuse response with the potential negative adaptive consequences of chondropenia and an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis. Lesions to articular cartilage are common acutely but are associated with ACL injuries and long-term chondropenia and Osteoarthitis. The challenge of ACL injury reduction, articular cartilage repair and regeneration and osteoarthitis prevention in the soccer athlete continues to be significant despite significant recent advances. The purpose of this lecture is to present the current concepts with respect to the Athlete's Articular Cartilage the histological, biochemical and clinical implications and contemporary treatments from a historical and an evolutionary prospective as applied during or after their competitive years.
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              Para uma nova análise comparativa do federalismo e da democracia: federações que restringem ou ampliam o poder do Demos

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                s_dados
                Dados
                Dados
                Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos (IESP) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) (Rio de Janeiro )
                0011-5258
                2001
                : 44
                : 3
                : 513-560
                Article
                S0011-52582001000300003
                10.1590/S0011-52582001000300003
                980305ee-1425-4096-899a-a4c4c5cf401c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                Fédéralisme,décentralisation,Constitution de 1988,Federalism,decentralization,1988 Constitution

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