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      Advanced bandages for diabetic wound healing

      1 , 2 , 1
      Science Translational Medicine
      American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          Abstract

          Current treatment options for foot ulcers, a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes, remain nonspecific. In this Perspective, we present recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing and the emergence of previously unidentified targets. We discuss wound dressings tailored to the diabetic wound environment currently under development.

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          Most cited references12

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          Practical Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease (IWGDF 2019 update)

          Diabetic foot disease results in a major global burden for patients and the health care system. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has been producing evidence-based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease since 1999. In 2019, all IWGDF Guidelines have been updated based on systematic reviews of the literature and formulation of recommendations by multidisciplinary experts from all over the world. In this document, the IWGDF Practical Guidelines, we describe the basic principles of prevention, classification, and treatment of diabetic foot disease, based on the six IWGDF Guideline chapters. We also describe the organizational levels to successfully prevent and treat diabetic foot disease according to these principles and provide addenda to assist with foot screening. The information in these practical guidelines is aimed at the global community of health care professionals who are involved in the care of persons with diabetes. Many studies around the world support our belief that implementing these prevention and management principles is associated with a decrease in the frequency of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations. We hope that these updated practical guidelines continue to serve as reference document to aid health care providers in reducing the global burden of diabetic foot disease.
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            Macrophages in wound healing: activation and plasticity

            Macrophages are critically involved in wound healing, from dampening inflammation to clearing cell debris and coordinating tissue repair. Within the wound, the complexity of macrophage function is increasingly recognized, with adverse outcomes when macrophages are inappropriately activated, such as in fibrosis or chronic non-healing wounds. Recent advances in in vivo and translational wound models, macrophage-specific deletions, and new technologies to distinguish macrophage subsets, have uncovered the vast spectrum of macrophage activation and effector functions. Here, we summarize the main players in wound healing macrophage activation and function, including cytokines, apoptotic cells, nucleotides and mechanical stimuli. We highlight recent studies demonstrating cooperation between these factors for optimal wound healing. Next, we describe recent technologies such as cell tracking and single cell RNA-seq, which have uncovered remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity in blood-derived or tissue-resident macrophages and discuss the implications for wound healing. Lastly, we evaluate macrophage dysfunction in aberrant wound healing that occurs in aging, diabetes and fibrosis. A better understanding of the longevity and plasticity of wound healing macrophages, and identification of unique macrophage subsets or specific effector molecules in wound healing, would shed light on the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophage function for optimal wound healing.
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              Dysfunctional Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: New Crossroads.

              Diabetic foot ulcerations (DFU) affect 25% of patients with diabetes mellitus during their lifetime and constitute a major health problem as they are often recalcitrant to healing due to a constellation of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The purpose of this review is to (1) detail the current mechanistic understanding of DFU formation and (2) highlight future therapeutic targets.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Science Translational Medicine
                Sci. Transl. Med.
                American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                1946-6234
                1946-6242
                March 17 2021
                March 17 2021
                March 17 2021
                March 17 2021
                : 13
                : 585
                : eabe4839
                Affiliations
                [1 ]John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
                [2 ]Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
                Article
                10.1126/scitranslmed.abe4839
                33731435
                97151ef6-ae9e-47be-9cb1-af5a3d261c5a
                © 2021

                https://www.sciencemag.org/about/science-licenses-journal-article-reuse

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