The Effect of Hypoalbuminemia on the Therapeutic Concentration and Dosage of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Septic Patients in Low-Resource Countries

Abstract

Purpose:

To determine whether severe hypoalbuminemia (<25 mg/L) has a significant effect on serum levels of vancomycin and whether it can effect vancomycin dosage regimen and the loading dose administration.

Material and Methods:

Prospective, cohort, and a single-center study included 61 patients whose vancomycin serum levels were measured in steady state. Vancomycin trough levels ( C _min) that were in the range 15 to 20 µg/mL were considered therapeutic and trough levels higher than 15 µg/mL were considered potentially nephrotoxic.

Results:

In the group of patients with severe hypoalbuminemia, C _min was significantly higher compared to the those with nonsevere hypoalbuminemia (>25 mg/L; 23.04 [19.14] vs 13.28 [11.28], P = .01). In the group of patients who received the vancomycin loading dose of 2 g, C _min was significantly higher in patients with severe hypoalbuminemia compared to the patients with nonsevere hypoalbuminemia (34.52 [25.93] vs 15.37 [10.48], P = .04).

Conclusion:

In critically ill septic patients with severe hypoalbuminemia, there is a high probability that the loading dose of vancomycin is not necessary since it is associated with potentially toxic vancomycin C _min, while in the patients with nonsevere hypoalbuminemia the loading dose may be necessary to achieving therapeutic C _min.