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      Implementationsfaktoren und -prozesse in der Präventionsforschung: Strategien, Probleme, Ergebnisse, Perspektiven

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          Abstract

          Die Implementation von evidenz-basierten Maßnahmen hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem zentralen Thema der Interventionsforschung entwickelt. Auslöser war der allenthalben beklagte defizitäre Transfer wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse in praktisches Handeln, der nunmehr nicht einfach hingenommen, sondern systematisch aufgeklärt werden sollte. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum Stand der Implementationsforschung im Bereich der Prävention. Nach einer kurzen Einführung zu zentralen Implementationsfragen wird zunächst dargelegt, warum Implementationsprozessen in der Prävention eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Im Anschluss folgt eine Diskussion wichtiger Implementationsfaktoren, die sich in empirischen Untersuchungen als bedeutsam erwiesen haben. Sie werden im Hinblick auf individuelle, organisationsbezogene und politisch-administrative Implementationsprozesse erörtert und mit Bezug auf Strategien diskutiert, wie die Implementationsqualität und damit die Wirksamkeit von Maßnahmen in der Praxis gesichert werden kann. Abschließend werden Hinweise auf die Weiterentwicklung der Implementationsforschung und -praxis gegeben.

          Implementation factors and processes in prevention research: Strategies, problems, findings, prospects

          Implementing evidence-based programs in routine practice has become a central issue in prevention research in the last decades. This development was triggered by the more general complaints about problems of transferring scientific findings into routine practice and systematic attempts to resolve these problems. This article reviews the results of past implementation research in prevention science. It sketches the major implementation issues and outlines some specific problems in the implementation of prevention measures. The most important empirically validated implementation factors will be discussed in relation to individual, institutional, and policy level implementation processes in order to determine strategies to improve implementation quality and the effectiveness of prevention programs in routine practice. The article closes by discussing implications for further research and practice in implementation science.

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          Most cited references35

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          The Cultural Adaptation of Prevention Interventions: Resolving Tensions Between Fidelity and Fit

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            Promoting science-based prevention in communities

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              Type II translation: transporting prevention interventions from research to real-world settings.

              This article summarizes research on Type II translation of prevention interventions aimed at enhancing the adoption of effective programs and practices in communities. The primary goal of Type II translation is to institutionalize evidence-based programs, products, and services. First, the authors describe theoretical frameworks that are useful to guide Type II translation research. Second, research on prevention program implementation, including fidelity of implementation and factors that are associated with successful program implementation, is summarized. The authors describe interventions designed to enhance the dissemination of preventive interventions in community and public health settings. Third, they describe strategies used by prevention program developers who have taken programs to scale. Fourth, they present a case example of Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND), an empirically validated high school-based substance abuse prevention program. They describe ongoing research on the dissemination of Project TND. Finally, they provide suggestions for future Type II translation research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pru
                Psychologische Rundschau
                Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
                0033-3042
                2190-6238
                Juli 2014
                : 65
                : 3
                : 129-139
                Author notes
                Prof. Dr. Andreas Beelmann, Dr. Constance Karing, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Psychologie, Abteilung für Forschungssynthese, Intervention, Evaluation, Humboldtstr. 26, 07743 Jena, E-Mail: andreas.beelmann@ 123456uni-jena.de
                Article
                pru_65_3_129
                10.1026/0033-3042/a000215
                9596b777-1462-4cf7-81b1-50983cffd922
                Copyright @ 2014
                History
                Categories
                Originalia

                Psychology
                implementation research,Prävention,Implementationsforschung,Transfer wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse,evidenzbasierte Programme,Forschungszusammenfassung.,prevention,translational research,evidence-based programs,review.

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